Japan nuclear fears spread to China

"We already have a large bag at home for cooking, but I want to get as much as possible just in case it runs out,” said Fang, a 34-year-old office worker who went salt shopping on her lunch break.

Fang was one in a sea of Chinese citizens scouring³ the country’s stores for salt, in the wake of the catastrophic earthquake and tsunami⁴ in Japan. Fears of a nuclear meltdown and radiation contamination continue, and China’s population proved it was not immune to potentially irrational⁵ panic. Salt in China typically contains small amounts of iodine⁶, added to prevent thyroid and related health problems, particularly in children.

Some shoppers apparently⁷ were after the iodine, mistakenly seeking protection against potential radioactive fallout from Japan. Even though scientists say prevailing⁸ wind patterns should carry contamination from failed nuclear plants out to sea, away from China, people don’t want to be caught unprepared. Yet the small amount of iodine in table salt is nowhere near what’s recommended for exposure to radiation, making it virtually impossible to use iodized salt as a prophylactic⁹. It would take more than two pounds of salt to equal the iodine in one tablet.

Even the popular e-commerce platform Taobao was short of salt. In a posting, the company said it was working to manage salt supplies but couldn’t keep up, echoing stores across the country.

    “I want to get as much as possible just in case it runs out.”

~Fang, a 34-year-old office worker

But not all salt-buyers were looking for radiation protection. Instead, there seemed to be a more prevalent fear that cooking supplies would run out amid hoarding¹¹. As a result, soy sauce was also in short supply, several shops reported.

The manager of a supermarket in Nanjing, who didn’t want to give his full name, said by telephone that he believed the salt splurge was driven by greedy forces, rather than real panic.

“Don’t worry about this; salt is a common product,” he said. “The current situation is manipulated by a few people and there will be salt soon.”

Reason seemed absent, however, as prices rose and salt sailed off the shelves. Many stores ran out, while others raised prices and rationed¹² supplies. In an initial attempt to calm the salt rush, the Xinhua news agency weighed in with a one-line statement from the government Thursday afternoon, saying: “[The] China National Salt Industry Corp. (CNSIC) on Thursday said China has rich salt reserves to meet people's demand and consumers need not panic to hoard¹⁰ salt.”

Meanwhile, China’s state-run radio was reporting that salt was not a protective measure against radiation.

On Wednesday, the Ministry¹³ of Environment published radiation readings in 41 cities across China, showing that all were within allowed limits. But given past coverups and limited information in state-controlled media, Chinese people don’t always trust the official line in a crisis.

A day earlier, the government’s main ruling cabinet, the State Council, announced that it would suspend approvals and construction of new nuclear power facilities to conduct a safety review.

That changed the official line from over the weekend, when a senior official said China would not changed or delay its current plans to build more than two dozen new nuclear plants in the coming years, as part of a drive to reduce carbon emissions¹⁴ from coal burning. The country now has six operating nuclear plants, but has plans to scale that up dramatically.

“Safety is our top priority in developing nuclear power plants,” the State Council said in brief notice on its website.

Less than six months ago, the head of China’s nuclear energy program was sentenced to life in prison for taking bribes¹⁵ and abusing his authority. Rampant¹⁶ graft¹⁷ in the building industry, leading to use of subpar materials, has been cited as one cause of the high death toll¹⁸ in the Sichuan province earthquake of 2008, when nearly 90,000 people were killed.

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