VOA标准英语2015--世界卫生组织已批准婴儿脑膜炎疫苗

（单词翻译）

WHO Approves Infant Meningitis Vaccine¹ 世界卫生组织已批准婴儿脑膜炎疫苗

The World Health Organization has approved the use of a meningitis vaccine for infants in sub-Saharan Africa. The vaccine has been given to older children and young adults for the past four years.

The WHO said the MenAfriVac vaccine meets international standards for quality, safety and efficacy and now can be used for children under one year of age.

It immunizes against meningitis A – a bacterial² disease that causes inflammation of membranes³ surrounding the brain and spinal⁴ cord. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says it can kill within hours – and poses a threat to 450-million people in the so-called “meningitis belt.” The belt consists of 26 countries stretching from Senegal in West Africa to Ethiopia in the East.

The CDC said one in 10 people will die from meningitis A even when antibiotics⁵ are given. And one out of four survivors⁶ may be left with paralysis⁷, blindness, hearing loss and seizures⁸.

Dr. Marie-Pierre Préziosi is director of the Meningitis Vaccine Project – a partnership⁹ between the World Health Organization and PATH, a non-profit health organization. She said that meningitis has been a threat in parts of Africa for about 100 years.

“Based on the call from countries, the global health community came about with this project. And the project and its partners developed a vaccine – licensed¹⁰ it – and introduced it for mass vaccination¹¹ campaigns. So this has been a tremendous success. And populations from one to 29 years of age are now protected,” she said

But she said it’s now important to extend that protection to infants.

“If we just stop there and don’t provide countries with tour de force sustainability in 10 [or] 15 years from now this massive epidemic¹² will return because there will be [an] accumulation of susceptible¹³ persons in the population. Therefore, there was the need to adapt a vaccine for use in routine immunization in the youngest, in the infants. And this is the purpose of the current licensure and recommendation.”

Dr. Préziosi said the MenAfriVac vaccine offers protection against meningitis A for up to five years. But follow-up studies will be done to monitor the length of its effectiveness. Asked if there are any safety concerns, she said, “No, no safety concern. These conjugate¹⁴ vaccines¹⁵ are extremely safe.”

Meningitis A is spread from person to person.

“The only reservoir is human beings," she said.

The bacteria can be spread in respiratory droplets¹⁶ when a person sneezes, coughs, talks or even laughs.

The head of the Meningitis Vaccine Project said since the vaccine was introduced four years ago about 217-million people have been immunized. Another 100-million are expected to be vaccinated¹⁷ in the next few years. The meningitis vaccine is expected to become part of routine immunizations and given to 30-million infants a year in the meningitis belt.

The MenAfriVac vaccine costs less than a dollar per dose. The GAVI Alliance is picking half the cost in the first year of mass immunizations with individual countries paying the rest. GAVI is a public/private partnership that works to increase access to vaccines in poor countries. After the initial mass immunization, the cost gradually shifts to the countries.