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VOA常速英语2015--用国际协议限制非法捕捞活动

时间:2015-12-20 13:08:58

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(单词翻译)

用国际协议限制非法捕捞活动

It’s estimated that illicit1 fishing accounts for up 26 million tons of seafood2 a year and costs the global economy as much as 26 billion dollars annually3. An international agreement to help curb4 the problem is gaining support, but still needs more backers before it can take effect.

估计非法捕鱼每年捕捞的海产品量有2600万吨,在全球经济中占260亿美元。一个力图解决该问题的国际协议已经获得支持,但在产生实效之前还需要更多支持者。

Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing – or IUU – not only causes economic damage, but is a threat to food security and biodiversity.

非法、非法、不报告和无管制捕捞活动(IUU)不仅有害经济,还是粮食安全和生物多样化的一大威胁。

The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization says IUU encompasses5 fishing without authorization6, harvesting protected species, using outlawed7 fishing gear and violating quota8 limits. It accounts for over 15 percent of the global seafood take.

联合国粮农组织称IUU包括不经授权的捕鱼,捕捉被保护物种,以及使用非法捕鱼工具并违反配额限制,占全球海产品量的15%以上。

Dr. Matthew Camilleri, of the FAO’s Fisheries and Aquaculture Policy and Economics Division in Rome, said the problem ranges from big fishing vessels10 on the high seas to small-scale coastal11 operations.

马修·卡米列里博士就职于粮农组织在罗马的渔业、水产养殖政策和经济部门,他说该问题不仅涉及公海中的大型不渔船,也涉及沿海的小规模捕捞。

“Illegal fishing could be that vessels are fishing in areas where fishing is prohibited because there are fragile ecosystems12, which can be affected13 by fishing activities – or fishing is taking place using fishing gear which is prohibited or the dimensions of the gear are not in line with the regulations that have been set. So, hook sizes may be too small or mesh14 sizes may be too small, for example.”

“非法捕捞包括在因生态系统脆弱而禁止捕鱼的地区进行捕捞的船只,这些地区脆弱的生态系统可能会受到捕鱼活动的影响,也包括使用被禁捕鱼工具、或是其规格不符合规定的工具进行捕捞,比如,所使用的钩号或筛孔尺寸太小。”

He said unreported and under-reported fishing are also widespread.

他说,不报告和未充分报告的捕捞现象也很普遍。

“Fishing vessels just fail to report on their catches through log books, for example or through electronic systems that are in place. Or they are not reporting on their actual location. So, there are many kinds of infringements15 that could be associated with illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing.”

“比如,捕鱼船未能在航海日志或电子系统中中记录其捕鱼量,或者没有报告其确切的地点。所以会出现很多可能与非法、未报告和无管制捕捞有关的违法活动。”

Camilleri said the illicit practices endanger fish stocks.

卡米列里说,非法捕捞活动危害了鱼类资源。

“When we say endangered, not in the sense of endangered as being on the verge16 of extinction17, but endangered in the sense that there are stocks which could be over fished. This means that there’s going to be fewer and fewer fish available to be caught by the good fishers and, therefore, less availability for future generations,” he said.

“当我们说到危害时,并不是说即将处于濒危边缘,而是说鱼群资源可能会被过渡捕捞,这就意味着可以被守规渔民捕捞的鱼类越来越少,因此未来一代可以获得的鱼类也越来越少。”

Whether fish are caught legally or illegally, they have to be brought to some port to be unloaded and sold. And a port is a good place for inspection18 to take place.

无论鱼类是被合法还是非法捕捞的,都必须被带到港口卸货并销售,而港口是进行检查的好地方。

In 2009, FAO member countries adopted the Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter19 and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing.

2009年,粮农组织国家通过了《关于港口国家防止,抑制和消除非法、未报告和无管制捕捞措施的条约》。

Camilleri said, “The agreement lays down a minimum set of procedures that every port state must follow when accepting foreign fishing vessels coming into their port. There’s a checklist that every state must follow when a foreign fishing vessel9 requests entry into port, first and foremost. It is like when an individual is traveling to another country. In some cases you request a visa.”

卡米列里说,“该协议规定了每个港口国家在接受进口其港口的外国渔船时必须遵守的最低限度的程序,并列出了在外国渔船请求进入港口时每个港口国家都必须首先遵守的清单,就像是个人进入另一个国家时,在一些情况下需要签证。”

The agreement outlines what types of inspections20 would be conducted to ensure the catch is legal.

该协议还列出为确保合法捕捞而进行的检查的类型。

“The agreement goes further in saying that every port state, that is, every country that is accepting foreign vessels into their countries must designate their ports. They must specify21 in which ports foreign vessels are allowed in. And in those ports there should be the procedures – at least the minimum procedures – defined by the agreement, which need to be implemented,” said Camilleri.

“该协议还规定,在每个港口国家,也就是每个接受外国渔船进入本国的国家,都必须给渔船指定港口,必须详细规定外国渔船所能进入的港口。在这些港口履行一些程序,至少要实施协议规定的最低限度的程序。”

Efforts outside of ports can include satellite monitoring of fishing vessel movements, as well as sea patrols in fishing zones.

港口之外的措施还包括对渔船活动进行卫星监控,以及在捕鱼区进行海上巡逻。

 

To take effect, the agreement needs to be approved by 25 countries. Twelve already have done so, including the European Union, which actually counts as a single country. Two more are expected to join soon. In the United States, the process to join the agreement is reported moving forward.

该协议要付诸实施来需要得到25个国家的批准,目前已有包括欧盟在内的12个国家批准该协议,欧盟一般上被看做单一国家。还有两外两个国家可能很快加入,据悉在美国,加入该协议的程序仍在推进。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 illicit By8yN     
adj.非法的,禁止的,不正当的
参考例句:
  • He had an illicit association with Jane.他和简曾有过不正当关系。
  • Seizures of illicit drugs have increased by 30% this year.今年违禁药品的扣押增长了30%。
2 seafood 7j6zUl     
n.海产食品,海味,海鲜
参考例句:
  • There's an excellent seafood restaurant near here.离这儿不远有家非常不错的海鲜馆。
  • Shrimps are a popular type of seafood.小虾是比较普遍的一种海味。
3 annually VzYzNO     
adv.一年一次,每年
参考例句:
  • Many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。
  • They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.他们每年庆祝一番结婚纪念日。
4 curb LmRyy     
n.场外证券市场,场外交易;vt.制止,抑制
参考例句:
  • I could not curb my anger.我按捺不住我的愤怒。
  • You must curb your daughter when you are in church.你在教堂时必须管住你的女儿。
5 encompasses cba8673f835839b92e7b81ba5bccacfb     
v.围绕( encompass的第三人称单数 );包围;包含;包括
参考例句:
  • The job encompasses a wide range of responsibilities. 这项工作涉及的职责范围很广。
  • Its conservation law encompasses both its magnitude and its direction. 它的守恒定律包括大小和方向两方面。 来自辞典例句
6 authorization wOxyV     
n.授权,委任状
参考例句:
  • Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。
  • You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。
7 outlawed e2d1385a121c74347f32d0eb4aa15b54     
宣布…为不合法(outlaw的过去式与过去分词形式)
参考例句:
  • Most states have outlawed the use of marijuana. 大多数州都宣布使用大麻为非法行为。
  • I hope the sale of tobacco will be outlawed someday. 我希望有朝一日烟草制品会禁止销售。
8 quota vSKxV     
n.(生产、进出口等的)配额,(移民的)限额
参考例句:
  • A restricted import quota was set for meat products.肉类产品设定了进口配额。
  • He overfulfilled his production quota for two months running.他一连两个月超额完成生产指标。
9 vessel 4L1zi     
n.船舶;容器,器皿;管,导管,血管
参考例句:
  • The vessel is fully loaded with cargo for Shanghai.这艘船满载货物驶往上海。
  • You should put the water into a vessel.你应该把水装入容器中。
10 vessels fc9307c2593b522954eadb3ee6c57480     
n.血管( vessel的名词复数 );船;容器;(具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的)人
参考例句:
  • The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
11 coastal WWiyh     
adj.海岸的,沿海的,沿岸的
参考例句:
  • The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
  • This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。
12 ecosystems 94cb0e40a815bea1157ac8aab9a5380d     
n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样,从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句
13 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
14 mesh cC1xJ     
n.网孔,网丝,陷阱;vt.以网捕捉,啮合,匹配;vi.适合; [计算机]网络
参考例句:
  • Their characters just don't mesh.他们的性格就是合不来。
  • This is the net having half inch mesh.这是有半英寸网眼的网。
15 infringements c954281a444bb04eab98d2db6b427383     
n.违反( infringement的名词复数 );侵犯,伤害
参考例句:
  • It'seems to me we've got to decide on wider issues than possible patent infringements. 我认为我们不能只考虑侵犯专利可能性这一问题,要对更大的一些问题做出决策。 来自企业管理英语口语(第二版)(2)
  • Wikipedia relies on its users to correct errors and spot copyright infringements. 维基百科主要依靠用户来纠正错误,并发现版权侵权行为。 来自互联网
16 verge gUtzQ     
n.边,边缘;v.接近,濒临
参考例句:
  • The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
  • She was on the verge of bursting into tears.她快要哭出来了。
17 extinction sPwzP     
n.熄灭,消亡,消灭,灭绝,绝种
参考例句:
  • The plant is now in danger of extinction.这种植物现在有绝种的危险。
  • The island's way of life is doomed to extinction.这个岛上的生活方式注定要消失。
18 inspection y6TxG     
n.检查,审查,检阅
参考例句:
  • On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查,发现肉变质了。
  • The soldiers lined up for their daily inspection by their officers.士兵们列队接受军官的日常检阅。
19 deter DmZzU     
vt.阻止,使不敢,吓住
参考例句:
  • Failure did not deter us from trying it again.失败并没有能阻挡我们再次进行试验。
  • Dogs can deter unwelcome intruders.狗能够阻拦不受欢迎的闯入者。
20 inspections c445f9a2296d8835cd7d4a2da50fc5ca     
n.检查( inspection的名词复数 );检验;视察;检阅
参考例句:
  • Regular inspections are carried out at the prison. 经常有人来视察这座监狱。
  • Government inspections ensure a high degree of uniformity in the standard of service. 政府检查确保了在服务标准方面的高度一致。 来自《简明英汉词典》
21 specify evTwm     
vt.指定,详细说明
参考例句:
  • We should specify a time and a place for the meeting.我们应指定会议的时间和地点。
  • Please specify what you will do.请你详述一下你将做什么。

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