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VOA新闻杂志2022--堕胎斗争转移到美国各州

时间：2022-06-28 02:11:15

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Abortion1 Fights Move to US States

Following the U.S. Supreme2 Court's decision last week to overturn Roe3 v. Wade4, the battle for abortion rights has now moved to state courts and legislatures around the country.

Thirteen American states, mainly in the South and Midwest, had laws ready that would ban abortion once Roe v. Wade was overturned.

Abortion is a medical operation that ends a pregnancy5.

The Guttmacher Institute is an organization that supports abortion rights. It says 26 American states are likely to ban abortion now that Roe has been overturned. Opponents of abortion rights are now seeking to ban abortion across all 50 states.

Abortion-rights supporters are trying to block or delay such measures in state courts. Many cases center on so-called "trigger laws." These are laws that ban abortion but only become enforceable after the overturn of Roe. Other legal actions target old anti-abortion state laws that were unenforced under Roe, known as "zombie laws."

Nancy Northup is head of the Center for Reproductive Rights. She said last Friday, "We'll be back in court tomorrow and the next day and the next day" to argue these cases.

Brigitte Amiri of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) said the organization is looking at "all options" to protect access to abortion.

Questions on "trigger laws"

As of Saturday, abortion services had stopped in at least 11 American states — either because of state laws or questions about them.

In Louisiana, the state's Republican attorney general wrote Friday on Twitter that the state's "trigger law" was in effect immediately. And the three health centers providing abortions6 in the state closed that day.

On Monday, abortion rights supporters took legal action hoping to delay the ban in Louisiana. They argued that state laws are unclear on when a ban can take effect and what is considered an exception to the law. Hours later, a judge in New Orleans temporarily blocked enforcement of the state's trigger law. At least one of the state's abortion clinics said it would restart performing abortions on Tuesday.

In Utah, the state's Planned Parenthood group has challenged a trigger law with narrow exceptions in the state.

Laura Herner is a professor at Mitchell Hamline School of Law in St. Paul, Minnesota. She told The Associated Press that other challenges might argue whether state laws fully7 and clearly protect the life or health of a pregnant woman.

Although the high court ruled that the U.S. Constitution does not guarantee the right to an abortion, abortion rights supporters argue that some state constitutions protect the right.

In Florida, abortion rights supporters asked a judge to block a new state law that bans abortions after 15 weeks, with few exceptions. The law is set to take effect this week.

The ACLU of Florida has argued that it violates the Florida Constitution.

In another legal action, a Jewish group said the Florida law conflicts with the separation of church and state.

And the ACLU of Arizona and an abortion-rights group are seeking to block a 2021 state law they worry can be used to halt all abortions.

What about zombie laws?

Abortion rights supporters are also looking into bans under "zombie laws" now that there is no federal protection for abortion.

For example, the state of Wisconsin passed a law in 1849 banning abortions except to save the life of the mother. Attorney General Josh Kaul, a Democrat8, said he does not believe the law is enforceable. But abortion opponents have called on state lawmakers to establish a new ban.

In Wisconsin, Planned Parenthood said the state immediately suspended all abortions, even though law enforcement officials suggested that they would not enforce the ban.

In Michigan, Planned Parenthood challenged a 1931 abortion ban ahead of last week's Supreme Court ruling. In May, a judge said the ban could not be enforced because it violates the state's constitution. Abortion rights supporters are now trying to get a proposed state constitutional amendment9 on the ballot10 in November to protect abortion and birth control.

Idaho, Oklahoma and Texas have passed laws that permit people to seek bounties11 against those who help others get abortions. A bounty12 is an amount of money given to someone as a reward for catching13 a criminal.

These laws have raised questions over whether people can be followed across state lines under the law. Legal challenges are also likely to come up in cases of abortion medicine sent to patients.

The California Legislature, controlled by Democrats14, passed a bill Thursday to protect abortion providers and volunteers in the state from civil judgments15 put in place by other states.

And in Massachusetts, Republican Governor Charlie Baker16 signed an executive order Friday barring state agencies from helping17 other states' investigations18 into anyone who receives a legal abortion in Massachusetts.

Words in This Story

option - n. a choice or possibility

access - n. a way of getting at, near or to something

challenge - v. to question the action or authority


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1 abortion ZzjzxH     
n.流产，堕胎
参考例句：
  • She had an abortion at the women's health clinic.她在妇女保健医院做了流产手术。
  • A number of considerations have led her to have a wilful abortion.多种考虑使她执意堕胎。
2 supreme PHqzc     
adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的
参考例句：
  • It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
  • He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
3 roe LCBzp     
n.鱼卵；獐鹿
参考例句：
  • We will serve smoked cod's roe at the dinner.宴会上我们将上一道熏鳕鱼子。
  • I'll scramble some eggs with roe?我用鱼籽炒几个鸡蛋好吗？
4 wade nMgzu     
v.跋涉，涉水；n.跋涉
参考例句：
  • We had to wade through the river to the opposite bank.我们只好涉水过河到对岸。
  • We cannot but wade across the river.我们只好趟水过去。
5 pregnancy lPwxP     
n.怀孕，怀孕期
参考例句：
  • Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
  • Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。
6 abortions 4b6623953f87087bb025549b49471574     
n.小产( abortion的名词复数 )；小产胎儿；（计划）等中止或夭折；败育
参考例句：
  • The Venerable Master: By not having abortions, by not killing living beings. 上人：不堕胎、不杀生。 来自互联网
  • Conclusion Chromosome abnormality is one of the causes of spontaneous abortions. 结论：染色体异常是导致反复自然流产的原因之一。 来自互联网
7 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地
参考例句：
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
8 democrat Xmkzf     
n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员
参考例句：
  • The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
  • About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。
9 amendment Mx8zY     
n.改正，修正，改善，修正案
参考例句：
  • The amendment was rejected by 207 voters to 143.这项修正案以207票对143票被否决。
  • The Opposition has tabled an amendment to the bill.反对党已经就该议案提交了一项修正条款。
10 ballot jujzB     
n.（不记名）投票，投票总数，投票权；vi.投票
参考例句：
  • The members have demanded a ballot.会员们要求投票表决。
  • The union said they will ballot members on whether to strike.工会称他们将要求会员投票表决是否罢工。
11 bounties 14745fd05fd9002f5badcb865e64de92     
（由政府提供的）奖金( bounty的名词复数 )； 赏金； 慷慨； 大方
参考例句：
  • They paid bounties for people to give up their weapons. 他们向放下武器的人发放赏金。
  • This foundation provided bounties of more than 5 million last year. 去年该基金会赠款达五百万元以上。
12 bounty EtQzZ     
n.慷慨的赠予物，奖金；慷慨，大方；施与
参考例句：
  • He is famous for his bounty to the poor.他因对穷人慷慨相助而出名。
  • We received a bounty from the government.我们收到政府给予的一笔补助金。
13 catching cwVztY     
adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住
参考例句：
  • There are those who think eczema is catching.有人就是认为湿疹会传染。
  • Enthusiasm is very catching.热情非常富有感染力。
14 democrats 655beefefdcaf76097d489a3ff245f76     
n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
  • The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》
15 judgments 2a483d435ecb48acb69a6f4c4dd1a836     
判断( judgment的名词复数 )； 鉴定； 评价； 审判
参考例句：
  • A peculiar austerity marked his judgments of modern life. 他对现代生活的批评带着一种特殊的苛刻。
  • He is swift with his judgments. 他判断迅速。
16 baker wyTz62     
n.面包师
参考例句：
  • The baker bakes his bread in the bakery.面包师在面包房内烤面包。
  • The baker frosted the cake with a mixture of sugar and whites of eggs.面包师在蛋糕上撒了一层白糖和蛋清的混合料。
17 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的
参考例句：
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
18 investigations 02de25420938593f7db7bd4052010b32     
（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究
参考例句：
  • His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
  • He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。

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