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VOA科学技术2022--科学家因量子科学工作获得诺贝尔物理学奖

时间:2022-11-04 01:36:04

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(单词翻译)

Scientists Win Nobel in Physics for Work on Quantum Science

Three scientists have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work in the field of quantum information science.

The Stockholm-based Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the winners Tuesday. The Nobel recipients1 are Frenchman Alain Aspect, American John F. Clauser and Austrian Anton Zeilinger.

The scientists all carried out experiments in a field known as quantum entanglement3. It considers how unseen particles can be linked or "entangled4" with each other even when they are separated by large distances. Such particles could include photons or microscopic5 pieces of matter.

The field has long been studied by physicists7. Albert Einstein once described quantum entanglement as "spooky action at a distance."

The Nobel committee said the 79-year-old Clauser developed quantum theories from the 1960s into an experiment. It said Aspect, a 75-year-old, was able to close a loophole in those theories. And, 77-year-old Zeilinger, the committee said, demonstrated methods in quantum teleportation that showed that information could be effectively sent over distances.

The experiments carried out by Clauser helped settle a famous debate about quantum mechanics between Einstein and famed physicist6 Niels Bohr. The debate centered on elements in the universe that connect matter and light in entangled ways.

Clauser spoke8 to The Associated Press about his work. "I was betting on Einstein. But unfortunately I was wrong and Einstein was wrong and Bohr was right." Clauser added, "Being a little bit entangled is sort of like being a little bit pregnant - the effect grows on you."

Clauser said his work demonstrated that information cannot be enclosed in a fixed9 space, even though he does not fully10 understand why. "Most people would assume that nature is made out of stuff distributed throughout space and time," Clauser said. "And that appears not to be the case."

Eva Olsson is a member of the Nobel committee. She said the study of quantum information should not be seen as just a theoretical thought experiment. Instead, she called it a "vibrant11 and developing field." Vibrant means lively or energetic.

Olsson added that the field offers wide possibilities in areas such as securing information and communication, quantum computing12 and sensing technology. "Its predictions have opened doors to another world, and it has also shaken the very foundations of how we interpret measurements."

Speaking by phone to a news conference after the announcement, Zeilinger said he was "kind of shocked" at hearing he had received the award. "But it's a very positive shock," he said.

There had been talk over the past 10 years that Clauser, Aspect, and Zeilinger were under consideration for a Nobel. In 2010, the three won the Wolf Prize in Israel. That prize is traditionally seen as a possible predictor of Nobel winners.

The Nobel prizes come with a money award of nearly $900,000. They will be officially handed out during a ceremony in December.

Words in This Story

entangle2 – v. to cause something to be caught in something

spooky – adj. strange or frightening

loophole – n. a means of escape

bet – v. to risk money on the result of a game, competition, etc.

assume – v. to think something is likely to be true, even though there is no proof

distribute – v. to give or send something out

foundation – n. the idea or principle something is based on

interpret – v. to explain or decide what something means

positive – adj. feeling hopeful and happy about something


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 recipients 972af69bf73f8ad23a446a346a6f0fff     
adj.接受的;受领的;容纳的;愿意接受的n.收件人;接受者;受领者;接受器
参考例句:
  • The recipients of the prizes had their names printed in the paper. 获奖者的姓名登在报上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The recipients of prizes had their names printed in the paper. 获奖者名单登在报上。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
2 entangle DjnzO     
vt.缠住,套住;卷入,连累
参考例句:
  • How did Alice manage to entangle her hair so badly in the brambles?爱丽丝是怎么把头发死死地缠在荆棘上的?
  • Don't entangle the fishing lines.不要让钓鱼线缠在一起。
3 entanglement HoExt     
n.纠缠,牵累
参考例句:
  • This entanglement made Carrie anxious for a change of some sort.这种纠葛弄得嘉莉急于改变一下。
  • There is some uncertainty about this entanglement with the city treasurer which you say exists.对于你所说的与市财政局长之间的纠葛,大家有些疑惑。
4 entangled e3d30c3c857155b7a602a9ac53ade890     
adj.卷入的;陷入的;被缠住的;缠在一起的v.使某人(某物/自己)缠绕,纠缠于(某物中),使某人(自己)陷入(困难或复杂的环境中)( entangle的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The bird had become entangled in the wire netting. 那只小鸟被铁丝网缠住了。
  • Some military observers fear the US could get entangled in another war. 一些军事观察家担心美国会卷入另一场战争。 来自《简明英汉词典》
5 microscopic nDrxq     
adj.微小的,细微的,极小的,显微的
参考例句:
  • It's impossible to read his microscopic handwriting.不可能看清他那极小的书写字迹。
  • A plant's lungs are the microscopic pores in its leaves.植物的肺就是其叶片上微细的气孔。
6 physicist oNqx4     
n.物理学家,研究物理学的人
参考例句:
  • He is a physicist of the first rank.他是一流的物理学家。
  • The successful physicist never puts on airs.这位卓有成就的物理学家从不摆架子。
7 physicists 18316b43c980524885c1a898ed1528b1     
物理学家( physicist的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • For many particle physicists, however, it was a year of frustration. 对于许多粒子物理学家来说,这是受挫折的一年。 来自英汉非文学 - 科技
  • Physicists seek rules or patterns to provide a framework. 物理学家寻求用法则或图式来构成一个框架。
8 spoke XryyC     
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
参考例句:
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
9 fixed JsKzzj     
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
10 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
11 vibrant CL5zc     
adj.震颤的,响亮的,充满活力的,精力充沛的,(色彩)鲜明的
参考例句:
  • He always uses vibrant colours in his paintings. 他在画中总是使用鲜明的色彩。
  • She gave a vibrant performance in the leading role in the school play.她在学校表演中生气盎然地扮演了主角。
12 computing tvBzxs     
n.计算
参考例句:
  • to work in computing 从事信息处理
  • Back in the dark ages of computing, in about 1980, they started a software company. 早在计算机尚未普及的时代(约1980年),他们就创办了软件公司。

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