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Governments Propose Measures to Protect Citizens from Harmful AI

时间:2022-11-04 01:44:34

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Governments Propose Measures to Protect Citizens from Harmful AI

The administration of U.S. President Joe Biden has proposed new guidelines aimed at protecting citizens from the harmful effects of artificial intelligence (AI) systems.

The guidelines are known as the "Blueprint1 for an AI Bill of Rights." A blueprint is a plan that shows how someone will design, build or reach a goal. The proposal is not a set of rules and does not include specific enforcement actions. It is meant to influence AI system developers to safeguard digital and civil rights.

The guidelines were created by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. They were released as AI systems increasingly expand to many different parts of society.

The plan identifies five areas that aim to guide "the design, use and deployment3 of automated5 systems to protect the American public in the age of artificial intelligence."

The guidelines were established over the past year in cooperation with many government agencies, the administration said in a statement. Officials took advice from civil society groups, technologists, industry researchers and major technology companies.

U.S. officials told the Associated Press the blueprint represents progress in administration efforts to hold technology companies responsible for the AI systems they develop and deploy2. The guidelines are designed to limit the effects of bias6 in AI systems.

Critics of AI have noted7 many cases in which automated systems have misidentified or discriminated8 against people based on their race or sex. Several studies and news reports have documented harms that resulted from AI-powered tools.

For example, facial recognition systems used by law enforcement agencies have led to wrongful arrests. In one incident, an automated system discriminated against individuals seeking financial assistance at historically Black colleges. In another case, AI systems used to administer healthcare discriminated against Black patients.

An administration official told reporters such examples demonstrate that some AI systems "are causing real harms in the lives of Americans." The official added that irresponsible AI systems go against democratic values, "including the fundamental right to privacy and freedom from discrimination..."

The guidelines also urge AI developers to build tools into systems to give users control over their data. And developers are urged to ensure that automated systems are used safely and transparently10.

Some technology industry experts have warned that such measures could hurt some American businesses if the guidelines become rules. The head of the non-government U.S. Chamber11 of Commerce, Jordan Crenshaw, said he would not like to see the guidelines enacted12 into U.S. law. If this happens, it could "handcuff America's ability to compete" in AI development with other countries.

In Europe, such proposals have developed much further. Last year, the European Union proposed a set of rules meant to govern AI technology. EU lawmakers are currently debating the proposals, which cover areas such as automated surveillance, privacy protections and system bias. The rules are known as the Artificial Intelligence Act.

Some groups have warned that the EU proposals could create bureaucratic13 barriers for technology businesses. The proposals would put strong rules in place and fine violators.

The U.S.-based policy group Brookings Institution recently criticized one part of the Artificial Intelligence Act. It said the EU's plan to put limits on open-source AI could "further concentrate power over the future of AI in large technology companies."

Open-source AI is an artificial intelligence technology that the public and companies may use without cost. Brookings said that limiting this kind of AI would lead to two kinds of harm.

It would keep many AI systems under the control of big, established technology companies and would deny small businesses the chance to develop new AI tools. In addition, the proposed EU rules would limit valuable research and decrease the openness of widely used AI systems, Brookings said.

Words in This Story

artificial intelligence – n. the development of computer systems with the ability to perform work that normally requires human intelligence

automate4 – v. to control something using machines and not people

bias – n. a situation in which you support or oppose something in an unfair way because you are influenced by personal opinions

transparent9 – adj. openness or something that is clearly seen

handcuff – v. to limit someone in the way police do by putting hand restraints on people

surveillance – n. the careful watching of a person or place

bureaucratic – adj. relating to a system of government regulations


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 blueprint 6Rky6     
n.蓝图,设计图,计划;vt.制成蓝图,计划
参考例句:
  • All the machine parts on a blueprint must answer each other.设计图上所有的机器部件都应互相配合。
  • The documents contain a blueprint for a nuclear device.文件内附有一张核装置的设计蓝图。
2 deploy Yw8x7     
v.(军)散开成战斗队形,布置,展开
参考例句:
  • The infantry began to deploy at dawn.步兵黎明时开始进入战斗位置。
  • The president said he had no intention of deploying ground troops.总统称并不打算部署地面部队。
3 deployment 06e5c0d0f9eabd9525e5f9dc4f6f37cf     
n. 部署,展开
参考例句:
  • He has inquired out the deployment of the enemy troops. 他已查出敌军的兵力部署情况。
  • Quality function deployment (QFD) is a widely used customer-driven quality, design and manufacturing management tool. 质量功能展开(quality function deployment,QFD)是一个广泛应用的顾客需求驱动的设计、制造和质量管理工具。
4 automate oPLyy     
v.自动化;使自动化
参考例句:
  • Many banks have begun to automate.许多银行已开始采用自动化技术。
  • To automate the control process of the lathes has become very easy today.使机床的控制过程自动化现已变得很容易了。
5 automated fybzf9     
a.自动化的
参考例句:
  • The entire manufacturing process has been automated. 整个生产过程已自动化。
  • Automated Highway System (AHS) is recently regarded as one subsystem of Intelligent Transport System (ITS). 近年来自动公路系统(Automated Highway System,AHS),作为智能运输系统的子系统之一越来越受到重视。
6 bias 0QByQ     
n.偏见,偏心,偏袒;vt.使有偏见
参考例句:
  • They are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking.他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
  • He had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。
7 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的,知名的
参考例句:
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
8 discriminated 94ae098f37db4e0c2240e83d29b5005a     
分别,辨别,区分( discriminate的过去式和过去分词 ); 歧视,有差别地对待
参考例句:
  • His great size discriminated him from his followers. 他的宽广身材使他不同于他的部下。
  • Should be a person that has second liver virus discriminated against? 一个患有乙肝病毒的人是不是就应该被人歧视?
9 transparent Smhwx     
adj.明显的,无疑的;透明的
参考例句:
  • The water is so transparent that we can see the fishes swimming.水清澈透明,可以看到鱼儿游来游去。
  • The window glass is transparent.窗玻璃是透明的。
10 transparently e3abdd0d9735fa629e3899d497d4d8e1     
明亮地,显然地,易觉察地
参考例句:
  • "Clearly plots,'said Jacques Three. "Transparently!" “显然是搞阴谋,”雅克三号说,“再清楚不过了。” 来自英汉文学 - 双城记
  • All design transparently, convenient for the file identification inside the bag. 全透明设计,方便袋内文件识别。
11 chamber wnky9     
n.房间,寝室;会议厅;议院;会所
参考例句:
  • For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说,牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
  • The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。
12 enacted b0a10ad8fca50ba4217bccb35bc0f2a1     
制定(法律),通过(法案)( enact的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • legislation enacted by parliament 由议会通过的法律
  • Outside in the little lobby another scene was begin enacted. 外面的小休息室里又是另一番景象。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
13 bureaucratic OSFyE     
adj.官僚的,繁文缛节的
参考例句:
  • The sweat of labour washed away his bureaucratic airs.劳动的汗水冲掉了他身上的官气。
  • In this company you have to go through complex bureaucratic procedures just to get a new pencil.在这个公司里即使是领一支新铅笔,也必须通过繁琐的手续。

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