Scientists Learn What Killed Caribbean Sea Urchins

（单词翻译）

Scientists say a small parasite¹ is the cause of death of many sea urchins³ in the Caribbean Sea.

Sea urchins are simple animals that have long spines⁵.

Last year, the long-spined sea urchins, also known as Diadema antillarum, started getting sick. They were losing their spines and their sticky feet were losing their grip on the coral reefs.

The loss of so many sea urchins, which eat algae⁶ that grow on the corals, affected⁷ the undersea environment from the Virgin⁸ Islands to Puerto Rico to Florida.

Mya Breitbart led a team of scientists who investigated the sickness. She is a marine⁹ microbiologist at the University of South Florida.

The team presented their study recently in the scientific publication Science Advances.

"The case is closed," Breitbart said.

The scientists compared the sick urchins to healthy ones and determined¹⁰ a single-celled parasite was to blame.

Ian Hewson is a marine disease researcher at Cornell University in the state of New York. He said the team ruled out bacteria or viruses. But the team did see single-celled organisms called ciliates in the sick urchins.

The scientists then put a group of healthy sea urchins grown in a laboratory in a tank with some of the parasites¹¹. Six of the 10 urchins in the tank later died.

The scientists are now working to find a way to prevent future losses. They do not have a treatment for the sea urchins, but they are hoping to learn how the parasites spread so they can stop them.

Breitbart noted¹² another time that many sea urchins died in the 1980s. She did not know if the same parasites caused that problem.

Don Levitan is a marine scientist at Florida State University who was not involved in the study. He said the two urchin² die-offs, or widespread losses of the animals, have changed the coral reefs in the Caribbean Sea. He said at one time, they were covered with spiny¹³ urchins, but now they are covered in algae, sick from disease and stressed by rising water temperatures.

"Coral reefs in the Caribbean are in trouble," he said. "We are at a different place than we were 30, 40 years ago."

Words in This Story

parasite –n. a plant or animal that lives by taking food or shelter from another living thing

spine⁴ –n. a sharp, pointy part of an animal or plant

sticky –adj. a quality of being easily stuck to

marine –adj. related to the sea

stressed –adj. feeling worried or tired; showing the effects of disease or difficulty