voa标准英语2008年-US Congress Hears Views on Domestic Impacts of

（单词翻译）

Days before next Tuesday's U.S. presidential and congressional election, U.S. lawmakers heard from economists¹ and other experts about the impact of recession on Americans, and pros² and cons³ of a new economic stimulus⁴ package for the U.S. economy. VOA's Dan Robinson reports, majority Democrats⁶ are expected to call Congress back into session in mid-November to focus on the U.S. financial crisis and possible new legislation aimed at stimulating⁷ the U.S. economy.

This past week, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi pointed⁸ to data showing a decline in U.S. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the third quarter of 2008, and an increase in the numbers of Americans applying for unemployment benefits, saying this underscores the need for what she called a fiscally¹⁰ responsible stimulus plan.
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Trader on New York Stock Exchange (file)

Economists and other experts offered projections¹¹ about just how bad the economic downturn, which many said constitutes a recession, may be.

Appearing before the bipartisan Joint¹² Economic Committee, J. Steven Landefeld, Director of the Bureau of Economic Analysis, says whether it's called a recession or not, the economy is in a dramatic slowdown:

"We all know there has been a huge loss of consumer wealth during this period. Household's disposable income share going to energy has certainly gone up considerably¹⁴ over time and the economy is growing at a rate too slow to generate new jobs sufficient to keep up with labor¹⁵ force growth, population growth, and growth in productivity," he said.

Nuriel Rubini, a former U.S. treasury¹⁶ department official now at New York University, flatly calls it a recession, and predicts it will last 18 and possibly as long as 24 months, involving a cumulative¹⁷ decline in economic output of more than four percent, the worst since World War II.

Rubini urges Congress to act on a second fiscal⁹ stimulus of at least 300 billion dollars, saying that without support for Main Street [average Americans], government steps to support financial markets could be undone:

"This action has to be taken right away and soon. We cannot wait until the next Congress in February because three months from now the collapse of spending, consumption and investments will be so sharp that the economic contractions¹⁹ could become even more severe," he said.

Richard Vedder, Professor of Economics at Ohio University and a visiting scholar at the American Enterprise Institute is concerned that an overly-zealous Congress, as he puts it, will craft legislation that could have adverse²⁰ effects and questions where the money will come from. "In a financially-stressed situation, we're talking about going out and borrowing to add 300 or 400 billion on to what we are already doing, the better part of at trillion dollars, seven or eight percent of GDP. I think that is a dangerous and somewhat fiscally irresponsible thing to do and I think in the long-run it will inspire a decline in confidence and will lead to inflationary expectations soaring."

Former International Monetary²¹ Fund research director Simon Johnson, now with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, warns of unprecedented²² global dimensions from a U.S. recession.

He urges Congress to act quickly on a package of around 450-billion dollars, to include extending unemployment benefits, job re-training, student and small business loans, and infrastructure²³ projects. "I think we probably have a month or perhaps two months to really see the direction of the economy. I would agree completely with people who think that now is the time to prepare a large fiscal stimulus."

In the House Ways & Means Committee, state governors, a city mayor, and state and local officials called for another government stimulus plan.

New York Governor David Paterson said his state is among 25 U.S. states facing huge deficits²⁵. "There are 25 states in deficit²⁴, totaling more than $48 billion of debt. Their projections for 2010 are spiked²⁶ upward incredibly. There will be 39 states in deficit and the amounts owed total over $105 billion."

Among more dire¹³ warnings, Robert Greenstein, of the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, spoke²⁷ of potential sharp increases in poverty, with Americans facing what he calls holes in the social safety that did not exist during previous deep recessions in the 1970's and 1980's: "I think we are facing a growing prospect²⁸ of levels of destitution²⁹, not just poverty, destitution, severe hardship and increases in homelessness that we haven't seen in several decades," he said.

Democratic Representative Charlie Rangel, chairman of the Ways & Means panel, says Democrats and Republicans should work together when Congress returns after the election to help with the economy. "We have to be prepared to put together that will indeed be bipartisan. Quite frankly³⁰ I don't think that should be very difficult. When someone loses their job, their health insurance, can't pay the mortgage, finds himself not being able to get credit, no one asks whether they are a Republican or whether they are Democrat⁵."

Republicans such as Representative Jim McRery share concerns about the widespread impacts of recession, but oppose any package that would have little chance of winning congressional and presidential approval. "It would do us little good to draft a package like that if it stands little chance of passing a closely-divided Senate or getting signed by the president," he said.

The White House has so far expressed resistance, at least in public, to any new measure containing the kind of provisions and level of spending Democrats are likely to include.

This means Democrats would have to wait until next year and a new congressional session, to work with either Senator Barack Obama or Senator John McCain as president, on the next stage of efforts to help the economy.