ENVIRONMENT REPORT - Asian Brown Cloud

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ENVIRONMENT REPORT -August 30, 2002: Asian Brown Cloud

By Cynthia Kirk
This is the VOA Special English ENVIRONMENT REPORT.

A United Nations study says a thick cloud of pollution covering southern Asia threatens the lives of millions of
people. Scientists say the pollution could increase lung diseases and cause early deaths. The cloud is also
damaging agriculture and affecting rainfall levels.

Scientists are calling it the Asian Brown Cloud. It has affected¹ Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India,
Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The pollution cloud is three kilometers high. Scientists say it can move
halfway² around the world in a week.

The cloud is a mixture of ash, acids, aerosols³ and other particles. It is the result of forest fires, the burning of
agricultural waste, and huge increases in the burning of fuels by vehicles, industries and power stations.

Pollution from millions of bad cooking stoves has made the problem worse. Many poor people burn fuels like
wood and animal waste in such stoves.

Scientists say the cloud of pollution appears to cool the land and oceans by blocking sunlight. They say it reduces
the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth’s surface by as much as fifteen percent. At the same time, heat inside
the cloud warms the lower parts of the atmosphere.

Scientists say this combination could be changing winter rainfall levels in Asia. They say rainfall has increased
over the eastern coast of Asia. But it has dropped sharply⁴ over parts of northwestern Asia. The report says the
cloud could reduce rainfall over northwestern Pakistan, Afghanistan and western China by up to forty percent.

Harmful chemicals from the cloud are mixing with rainfall. This acid rain damages crops and trees and threatens
public health. Scientists are concerned that the pollution will intensify⁵ during the next thirty years as the
population of Asia increases to an estimated five-thousand-million people.

Scientists say the Asian Brown Cloud could affect other parts of the world unless steps are taken to reduce
pollution. Environmental groups say action is needed to find clean, renewable energy sources.

More than two-hundred scientists took part in the U-N study. The U-N Environment Program prepared the study
for the World Summit⁶ on Sustainable Development. That meeting is taking place in Johannesburg, South Africa
through September fourth.

This VOA Special English ENVIRONMENT REPORT was written by Cynthia Kirk.

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