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外研社新标准高中英语第四册--Model2-3

时间:2011-03-31 06:08:50

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(单词翻译)

[00:01.00]Module 2
[00:06.96]LISTENING AND SPEAKING
[00:09.39]4 Listen again and answer the questions.
[00:14.28]Speaker 1
[00:56.31]Speaker 2
[01:37.48]Speaker 3
[02:20.99]Speaker 4
[03:08.90]Speaker 5
[03:49.82]PRONUNCIATION
[03:54.87]1 Listen to the underlined1 sounds in these sentences.
[04:00.44]1 I got stuck again in the traffic.
[04:06.78]2 They seemed to know each other.
[04:12.61]3 ... and we still couldn't move.
[04:19.61]4 It was just ridiculous2.
[04:26.47]5 They don't wait for the green light to pass.
[04:33.59]Now say the sentences aloud.
[04:38.90]3 Say these sentences aloud.
[04:46.54]Make sure you pronounce the underlined sounds correctly.
[04:51.98]Now listen and check.
[04:55.73]1 They seemed to know each other.
[05:01.43]2 ... and we still couldn't move.
[05:08.42]3 It was just ridiculous.
[05:14.38]4 They don't wait for the green light to pass.
[05:21.50]5 Why not build more underground lines?
[05:29.01]6 ...which then came to a complete stop.
[05:34.97]CULTURAL CORNER
[05:39.89]Answer these questions.
[05:41.57]1 What is a congestion3 charge?
[05:46.75]2 Would a congestion charge be a good idea in your town?
[05:53.74]The London Congestion Charge
[05:57.11]Beijing isn't the only city with traffic problems.
[06:01.90]You can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world.
[06:06.30]The worst problems occur4 in cities which are growing fast,
[06:10.92]such as Sao Paolo in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria.
[06:16.62]But even the cities in developed countries such as the US suffer.
[06:22.06]Los Angeles,which was built with the motor5 car in mind,
[06:26.25]and is famous for its six-lane highways,
[06:29.14]is now the USA's most congested city.
[06:33.89]In Europe most capital cities were planned and built before cars,
[06:39.50]and city centre traffic jams
[06:41.76]have been part of daily life for a long time.
[06:45.28]The situation in central London,
[06:48.09]where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues6,
[06:52.40]became so bad that the local government decided7 to do something about it.
[06:58.14]In February 2003 the Mayor8 of London,Ken Livingstone,
[07:03.67]introduced a "congestion charge" --
[07:06.78]a tax for cars entering the centre of the city.
[07:11.01]The idea is simple: every car coming into the centre has to pay £5 a day.
[07:18.82]Drivers can pay the charge at any of 10,000 pay points in the capital
[07:24.21]before 10 pm.
[07:26.50]As the cars come into the centre,
[07:29.14]video cameras record their registration9 numbers,
[07:32.81]and these are checked with a list of drivers
[07:35.52]who have paid the charge for that day.
[07:38.29]People who do not pay the charge will face a fine of 80 pounds.
[07:44.29]Most Londoners are not happy with the idea.
[07:47.95]They agree that London has a traffic problem,
[07:51.28]but the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom...
[07:56.54]But does the congestion charge work?
[08:00.21]A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does.
[08:06.43]After only six months,
[08:08.63]traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent,
[08:14.03]and journey times by 15 percent.
[08:17.56]More people used public transport to get to work,
[08:21.41]and bicycles were suddenly very popular.
[08:24.69]What's more,
[08:25.81]central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.
[08:32.33]But there are a few people who think the charge should be much higher,
[08:37.46]for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre
[08:41.65]and can easily afford it .
[08:43.90]This would keep even more cars out of central London,
[08:47.52]and the roads would be nearly empty.
[08:50.37]However,there are no plans to increase the charge.
[08:58.01]Module 2 Words and Expressions
[09:02.36]trolleybus n. 电车
[09:04.67]be connected to 与...相连
[09:08.65]wire n. 电线
[09:12.17]suburban a.郊区的 ; 市郊的
[09:15.40]be/get stuck in 被困在…
[09:23.98]in no time 马上; 一会儿
[09:27.63]display vt. 展示 ;  陈列
[09:32.30]cab n.出租汽车 ; 计程车
[09:36.00]permit n.执照 ; 许可证
[09:39.34]receipt n.收据
[09:43.66]get around 到处旅行, 四处走动
[09:47.11]fare n.车费
[09:50.88]air-conditioned a.带空调的
[09:54.93]limit vt.限制
[09:59.02]destionation n.目的地;终点
[10:02.42]impressive a.给人印象深刻的
[10:06.23]route n.路线
[10:09.96]double-decker n.双层公共汽车
[10:13.17]provide vt. 提供
[10:17.38]underconstruction 正在建设之中
[10:20.81]convenient a. 方便的
[10:24.79]pedal vt&vi.骑车 ; 踩...的踏
[10:28.48]tricycle n.三轮脚踏车
[10:32.05]single n.单程票
[10:35.27]return n.往返票
[10:39.20]explore vt. 探索
[10:42.15]roadwork n.(常作复数) 施工
[10:46.04]switch off 关上(电灯,电视等), 断掉(电源)
[10:49.72]keep cool 保持冷静
[10:53.31]blow vt.吹响 (乐器,号角等)
[10:56.74]horn n. 喇叭; 号角
[11:00.02]react vi. 反应
[11:03.25]solution n.解答; 答案
[11:06.42]mood n. 心情; 心境
[11:10.06]no way (俚语) 肯定不 ; 没门儿
[11:13.72]congestion n. 拥塞; 堆积
[11:17.53]registration n.执照; 登记
[11:21.70]Module 3 Body Language and Non-verbal Communication
[11:31.13]INTRODUCTION
[11:32.54]Speaking and listening
[11:34.75]2 Listen and match the situations with the pictures.
[12:42.89]READING AND VOCABULARY
[12:48.20]1 Read the passage and choose the best title.
[12:54.03]If you say the word "communication",
[12:57.83]most people think of words and sentences.
[13:01.71]Although these are very important,
[13:04.47]we communicate with more than just spoken and written words.
[13:09.44]Indeed,body positions are part of what we call "body language".
[13:15.01]We see examples of unconscious10 body language very often,
[13:19.71]yet there is also"learned11" body language,
[13:23.16]which varies12 from culture to culture.
[13:26.36]We use "learned" body language when we are introduced to strangers.
[13:32.57]Like other animals, we are on guard until we know it is safe to relax.
[13:38.75]So every culture has developed a formal way to greet strangers,
[13:43.49]to show them we are not aggressive13.
[13:46.56]Traditionally, Europeans and Americans shake hands.
[13:52.13]They do this with the right hand--the strongest hand for most people.
[13:57.95]If our right hand is busy greeting someone,it cannot be holding a weapon.
[14:04.08]So the gesture is saying,"I trust you.
[14:07.75]Look,I'm not carrying a threatening weapon."
[14:11.81]If you shake hands with someone,you show you trust them.
[14:16.12]We shake hands when we make a deal.
[14:18.97]It means,"We agree and we trust each other."
[14:24.02]Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching14 the other person,
[14:29.51]but they always involve the hands.
[14:32.91]Traditionally in China,when we greet someone,
[14:36.58]we put the right hand over the left and bow slightly.
[14:41.42]Muslims give a "salaam",where they touch their heart,
[14:45.73]mouth and forehead.
[14:47.98]Hindus join their hands and bow their heads in respect.
[14:52.86]In all of these examples,
[14:55.01]the hands are busy with the greeting and cannot hold a weapon.
[15:00.06]Even today,when some people have very informal15 styles of greeting,
[15:05.16]they still use their hands as a gesture of trust.
[15:09.39]American youths often greet each other with the expression,
[15:13.53]"Give me five!"
[15:15.30]One person then holds up his hand, palm16 outwards17 and five fingers spread.
[15:21.86]The other person raises his hand and slaps18 the other's open hand
[15:27.39]above the head in a "high five".
[15:30.80]Nowadays,it is quite a common greeting.
[15:34.90]Body language is fascinating19 for anyone to study.
[15:39.47]People give away much more by their gestures than by their words.
[15:45.17]Look at your friends and family and see if you are a mind reader!
[15:52.55]Now work in pairs.Say which title you chose, and why.
[16:01.75]LISTENING AND VOCABULARY
[16:03.99]3 Listen to a conversation between an American
[16:08.74]and a Chinese student who is going to the US.
[16:12.36]Number the topics in the order they talk about them.
[18:52.89]Now work in pairs.Check your answers.
[19:01.91]PRONUNCIATION
[19:03.91]1 Listen to this speaker with an American accent.
[19:09.17]When you're invited to someone's home,
[19:13.14]it's a good idea to bring a gift for your host.
[19:17.05]It doesn't have to be something expensive,
[19:20.53]perhaps some flowers or a bottle of wine.
[19:23.87]If you have a meal,
[19:26.42]don't start eating before everyone else is served.
[19:30.13]And whatever you do,
[19:31.73]don't leave immediately after the meal is finished.
[19:35.45]Now listen to this speaker with a British accent.
[19:41.72]What do you notice a these sounds in American pronunciation?
[19:46.29]/t/ /╛/ /r/ /a:/
[19:52.68]When you're invited to someone's home,
[19:55.52]it's a good idea to bring a gift for your host.
[19:58.79]It doesn't have to be something expensive,
[20:01.54]perhaps some flowers or a bottle of wine.
[20:05.07]If you have a meal,
[20:07.41]don't start eating before everyone else is served.
[20:11.47]And whatever you do,
[20:13.48]don't leave immediately after the meal is finished.
[20:21.76]2 Listen to these speakers.
[20:26.06]Do they speak in an American (US) or a British (UK) accent?
[20:33.18]Speaker 1
[20:35.52]It's best to avoid any heavy-going conversation topics.
[20:40.97]So avoid politics20 or religion completely21.
[20:45.45]If your mind goes blank,try not to panic22.
[20:50.13]Speaker 2
[20:53.06]And it's usual for people to open gifts when they receive them,
[20:57.20]so don't be surprised.
[20:59.41]That's the way we do things...
[21:03.88]Speaker 3
[21:05.84]But when you leave,
[21:07.76]be sure to thank your host for a wonderful evening.
[21:11.27]Oh,and one last thing to remember: Have a great time!
[21:18.21]CULTURAL CORNER
[21:20.69]Read the passage and answer the questions.
[21:23.71]1 Why do people clap?
[21:26.90]2 When do people clap in China?
[21:32.39]Clapping
[21:33.84]Why do we clap? To show we like something,of course.
[21:39.50]But we don't clap at the end of a television programme or a book,
[21:44.00]however good they are.
[21:45.81]We clap at the end of a live performance,
[21:49.11]such as a play,or a concert,to say thank you to the performers23.
[21:54.83]First they give,and then we give.
[21:58.97]Without us --the audience --the performance would not be complete.
[22:04.59]The custom of clapping has early beginnings.
[22:09.10]In classical24 Athens,applause meant judgement and taking part.
[22:15.68]Plays were often in competition with each other,
[22:19.54]and prolonged25 clapping helped a play to win.
[22:23.21]The theatre was large -- it could hold 14,000 people,
[22:30.05]half the adult male population of the city,
[22:34.04]which meant that the audience could make a lot of noise.
[22:38.06]Applause was a sign of being part of the community,
[22:43.11]and of equality26 between actors and audience.
[22:47.47]The important thing was to make the noise together,
[22:51.72]to add one's own small handclap to others.
[22:55.61]Clapping is social, like laughter27:
[22:59.75]you don't very often clap or laugh out loud alone.
[23:04.44]It is like laughter in another way,too:
[23:08.19]it is infectious28, and spreads very quickly.
[23:12.44]Clapping at concerts and theatres is a universal29 habit.
[23:18.19]But some occasions30 on which people clap change from one country to another.
[23:24.45]For example,in Britain people clap at a wedding,
[23:29.53]but in Italy they sometimes clap at a funeral31.
[23:37.34]Module 3 Words and Expressions
[23:43.27]communication n.交流;
[23:47.22]communicate vi.(用语言、信号) 传递信息 ; 交流
[23:51.34]unconscious a.无意的 ;不知不觉的
[23:54.90]vary vi. 变化
[23:58.63]on guard (保持) 警惕
[24:02.49]formal a. 正式的
[24:06.42]aggressive a. 攻击的; 挑斗的; 挑衅的
[24:11.25]traditionally adv.传统地
[24:15.44]weapon n.武器
[24:19.60]gesture n. 姿势; 姿态
[24:22.95]threatening a.恐吓的 ; 具有威胁的
[24:26.95]deal n. 协议; 交易
[24:31.80]make a deal 达成协议; 做成交易
[24:36.77]involve vt. 包括
[24:40.40]slightly adv.轻微地 ;  稍微
[24:44.70]Muslim n. (常作复数) 穆斯林
[24:49.02]salaam n.(穆斯林的) 额手礼(用右手抚 额鞠躬的礼节)
[24:52.90]forehead n.前额
[24:57.72]Hindu n.印度人
[25:01.48]bow vi.鞠躬
[25:05.61]informal a.非正式的
[25:09.81]youth n.年轻人
[25:13.64]hold up 举起
[25:17.43]palm n.手掌
[25:21.72]spread vi.(spread,spread) 张开
[25:25.77]slap vt. 掌击
[25:30.31]give away 暴露 (自己的情况)
[25:35.02]mindreader n.(自称或被认 为)能看透别人心 思的人
[25:38.72]conscious a.意识到的 ; 自觉的
[25:43.13]ankle n.脚踝
[25:47.15]eyebrow n.眉毛
[25:51.40]lip n.嘴唇
[25:55.20]wrist n. 手腕
[25:58.86]bend vt.(bent,bent) 弯腰
[26:02.91]hug vt.紧抱; 拥抱
[26:06.55]stare vi. 凝视;  盯着看
[26:09.89]wipe vt.擦; 抹; 揩
[26:13.89]lift up 举起
[26:17.40]up and down 一上一下地
[26:21.47]religion n. 宗教
[26:24.71]host n. 主人
[26:28.76]by accident 偶然地
[26:33.84]toast n. 祝酒;  干杯
[26:37.29]sip/sip/ n. 一抿之量; 小 口 喝
[26:42.06]blank adj. 空白 的
[26:45.45]panic v. 恐慌 ; 惊慌
[26:50.65]rude a. 粗鲁的 ; 无礼的
[26:53.68]say hello to 向 …… 问好
[26:57.90]switch on 打开(灯、 无线电等)
[27:01.90]invitation n. 邀请
[27:06.07]request n. 请求; 要求
[27:10.43]RSVP (请帖等用语) 请答复
[27:14.71]favour n. 恩惠 ;  善意的行为
[27:18.93]live a. 现场的
[27:23.26]peformance n. 表演
[27:27.53]performer n. 表演者
[27:30.37]classical a. 古典的; 古代的
[27:33.59]applause n. 掌声
[27:37.90]judgement n. 判断;  意见
[27:41.97]prolong vt. 延长
[27:46.18]equality n. 平等
[27:50.00]handclap n. 拍手
[27:54.63]social a. 社会的
[27:58.72]infectious a.有感染性的
[28:02.40]funeral n. 葬礼
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1 underlined cfrz8L     
v.在…下面画线( underline的过去式和过去分词 );加强,强调
参考例句:
  • She underlined her disapproval of the proceedings by walking out. 她退席以表示不赞成这些做法。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • In his speech he underlined several points. 他在讲话中强调了几点。 来自《简明英汉词典》
2 ridiculous RCTzv     
adj.荒谬的,可笑的;荒唐的
参考例句:
  • It is simply ridiculous to attempt such a thing.试图干这种事,简直可笑。
  • It's the most ridiculous thing I've ever heard in my life.这是我有生以来听到的最为荒唐可笑的事。
3 congestion pYmy3     
n.阻塞,消化不良
参考例句:
  • The congestion in the city gets even worse during the summer.夏天城市交通阻塞尤为严重。
  • Parking near the school causes severe traffic congestion.在学校附近泊车会引起严重的交通堵塞。
4 occur KI6xl     
vi.发生,想到,存在
参考例句:
  • Didn't it occur to you to close the window?难道你没有想到去关窗户吗?
  • I hope this won't occur again.我希望不要再发生这种事情。
5 motor W6MzB     
adj.机动的,有引擎的,汽车的;n.发动机,马达,汽车;v.(用引擎)驱动
参考例句:
  • A washing machine is run by a small electric motor.洗衣机由一台小电动机驱动。
  • The motor usually operates well.这台发动机通常运转良好。
6 queues 6eadb4191642cc35ab272196cea69704     
n.(人或车辆)行列,长队( queue的名词复数 );(贮存的数据)队列v.(人、车等)排队等候( queue的第三人称单数 );(使)排队,列队等待
参考例句:
  • Thus, on a normal Friday afternoon, there will be occasional queues. 这样一来,在正常的星期五下午就会出现偶然的排队现象。 来自辞典例句
  • Queues are a grim reality of city life. 排队是城市生活中一大现实难题。 来自辞典例句
7 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
8 mayor iBOxX     
n.市长
参考例句:
  • The new mayor said he would clean the city up.新市长说,他要整顿本市。
  • The mayor hurried into his office,brushing off the reporters.市长赶快走进办公室,拒不接见记者。
9 registration ASKzO     
n.登记,注册,挂号
参考例句:
  • Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。
  • What's your registration number?你挂的是几号?
10 unconscious glawT     
adj.失去知觉的,不省人事的;无意识的,不知不觉的
参考例句:
  • She was unconscious but her heart was still beating.她已经不省人事,但脉搏还在跳。
  • He was unconscious of his mistake.他没意识到自已的错误。
11 learned m1oxn     
adj.有学问的,博学的;learn的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
  • In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里,他被视为有学问的人。
12 varies de8062d56a395773558c98ac6a382238     
变化( vary的第三人称单数 ); [生物学]变异; 相应变化; 呈现不同
参考例句:
  • The need for sleep varies considerably from person to person. 不同的人对睡眠的需要差异相当大。
  • the stultifying effects of work that never varies 一成不变的工作造成的使人呆滞的后果
13 aggressive UNDzj     
adj.侵略的,好斗的;敢作敢为的
参考例句:
  • You'd better keep the two aggressive boys apart.你最好把那两个好斗的男孩分开。
  • These fish are very aggressive.这些鱼极具攻击性。
14 touching sg6zQ9     
adj.动人的,使人感伤的
参考例句:
  • It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
  • His letter was touching.他的信很感人。
15 informal fQVzW     
adj.非正式的,不拘礼的,通俗的
参考例句:
  • I got an informal reception.我受到了非正式接待。
  • The leaders met over informal lunches.领袖们在非正式午餐时进行会晤。
16 palm yKTxE     
n.手掌,棕榈,胜利;vt.与…握手,藏…于掌中
参考例句:
  • That woman had her husband in the palm of her hand.那女人牢牢地控制住她丈夫。
  • Palm trees grow all around the island.岛上到处长着棕榈树。
17 outwards NJuxN     
adj.外面的,公开的,向外的;adv.向外;n.外形
参考例句:
  • Does this door open inwards or outwards?这门朝里开还是朝外开?
  • In lapping up a fur,they always put the inner side outwards.卷毛皮时,他们总是让内层朝外。
18 slaps 66e2765ef6a01b4fffabe57af7372833     
n.拍打声,类似拍打的声音( slap的名词复数 )v.掌击,拍打( slap的第三人称单数 );制止;镇压;(尤指生气地)啪的一声放下
参考例句:
  • I received two slaps on the face myself. 我自己脸上挨了两次刮。 来自辞典例句
  • KRAMER: [slaps George on the arm] You keep me posted! 克雷默:那你得经常告诉我消息! 来自互联网
19 fascinating tloxO     
adj.迷人的,吸引人的,使人神魂颠倒的
参考例句:
  • Your ideas are fascinating to me.你的这些主意对我来说是有吸引力的。
  • The very style of the book is fascinating.这本书的风格本身就会引人入胜。
20 politics gOyxG     
n.政治,政治学;政纲,政见,策略
参考例句:
  • They seldom talk on politics in those days.那时人们很少谈论政治。
  • The two brothers differed about politics.这兄弟俩政见不同。
21 completely lvmzzZ     
adv.完全地,十分地,全然
参考例句:
  • She never completely gave up hope.她从不完全放弃希望。
  • I feel completely in the dark on this question.这件事使我感到茫然。
22 panic C48zD     
n.恐慌,惊惶;adj.惊慌的,没有理由的,恐慌的;vt.使惊慌,使狂热;vi.惊慌
参考例句:
  • There was a panic when the building caught fire.大楼起火时,人们一片惊慌。
  • She suddenly got into a panic and stopped her car.她突然惊慌失措起来,于是停住了车。
23 performers 770a16ae8f4ce32d63a0a72d93e54bc9     
n.演出者( performer的名词复数 );演奏者;表演者;履行者
参考例句:
  • The boss kissed the other performers off as mere amateurs. 老板认为其他的演员只有业余水平而把他们打发掉了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • They manage to sign up all the best performers. 他们设法跟所有最佳演员签订合同。 来自《简明英汉词典》
24 classical IV0yK     
adj.古典的;古典文学的;正统派的;古典主义的
参考例句:
  • This classical poem is hard to understand.这首古诗很费解。
  • She listens to classical music for relaxation.她听古典音乐放松。
25 prolonged 7k6zsi     
a.长时期的;持续很久的
参考例句:
  • Prolonged strike action debilitated the industry. 长时间的罢工削弱了这个行业的活力。
  • prolonged exposure to harmful radiation 长时间接触有害辐射
26 equality RoGxG     
n.等同性,同等,平等,相等,等式
参考例句:
  • They are fighting for the equality of women.她们在为争取男女平等而奋斗。
  • Women must battle on until they have gained equality.妇女必须坚奋战到底,直至取得平等权利。
27 laughter s9Kz6     
n.笑,笑声
参考例句:
  • I don't know how my story caused so much laughter.我不知我的故事怎么引起如此大笑。
  • The audience gave way to uncontrollable bursts of laughter.听众忍不住发出一阵阵笑声。
28 infectious I7jx1     
adj.传染的,有传染性的,有感染力的
参考例句:
  • Influenza is an infectious disease.流感是一种传染病。
  • What an infectious laugh she has!她的笑声多么具有感染力啊!
29 universal RkSwT     
adj.宇宙的,全世界的;普遍的,一般的;通用的,万能的
参考例句:
  • First of all we should make primary education universal.首先我们应普及初等教育。
  • Climate change is a universal problem.气候变化是个世界性的问题。
30 occasions 11557f17371ac4f35f50715ad4a32024     
n.机会( occasion的名词复数 );时刻;原因;需要
参考例句:
  • The prosecution stated that intercourse had occurred on several occasions. 控诉方称发生过数次性交。
  • He has been late on numerous occasions. 他已经迟到过无数次了。
31 funeral BhFx7     
n.丧葬,葬礼;adj.丧葬的,出殡的
参考例句:
  • Her bright clothes were not appropriate for a funeral.她那身鲜艳的衣服不适合参加葬礼。
  • A funeral is a somber occasion.葬礼是个忧郁的场合。

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