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介词

时间:2011-09-23 07:08:32

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(单词翻译)

介词

.概念:

   介词表示它后面的名词或相当于名词的其他结构与句中其他成分的关系.

.相关知识点精讲

1.表示地点位置的介词

1)at ,in, on, to

at  (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁边”

in  (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。

on  表示毗邻,接壤

to   表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤

He arrived at the station at ten.

He is sitting at the desk.

He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.

Jiangsu lies in the east of China.

Russia lies on the north of China.

Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.

2)above, over, on    在……上

above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对;

  over指垂直的上方,under相对,over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。

on表示某物体上面并与之接触。

The bird is flying above my head.

There is a bridge over the river.

He put his watch on the desk.

3)below, under    在……下面

under表示在…正下方

below表示在……下,不一定在正下方

There is a cat under the table.

Please write your name below the line.

2.表示时间的介词

1)in , onat   在……时

in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。

in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in ones life , in ones thirties等。

on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。

on May 1st, on Monday, on New Years Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。

at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。

at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of , at the age of , at Christmas at night, at noon, at this moment等。

注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如:We meet every day.

    2)in, after    在……之后

in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后;

after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后;

after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。

My mother will come back in three or four days.

He arrived after five months.   

She will appear after five oclock this afternoon.  

3)from, since    自从……

from仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久;

since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。

        He studied the piano from the age of three.

They have lived here since 1978.

4)after, behind      在……之后

after主要用于表示时间;

behind主要用于表示位置。

We shall1 leave after lunch.

Lucy is hiding behind an old house.

3.表运动方向的介词across, through    通过,穿过

across表示横过,即从物体表面通过,与on有关;

through穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in有关。

She swam across the river.

He walked through the forest.

4.表示“在……之间”的介词between, among

between指在两个人或两个事物之间;

among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。

There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground.

The teacher is standing2 among the students.

5.表示其他意义的介词

1)on ,about      关于

on 表示这本书,这篇文章或演说是严肃的,或学术性的,可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读;

about表示内容较为普通,不那么正式。

There will be a lecture3 on economics4 this afternoon.

He is writing a book on cooking.

He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation5.

2)by, with, in      表示方法、手段、工具

by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具;

with 表示用 …工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段;

in 表示用…方式,用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;

He makes a living by selling newspapers.

  He broke the window with a stone.

  The foreigner spoke6 to us in English.

3)except, besides     除了

except 除……之外,不包括在内;

besides 除……之外,包括在内。

Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)

Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)

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1 shall lzFwQ     
v.aux.(主要用于第一人称)将
参考例句:
  • I shall always love you.我将永远爱你。
  • Which club shall we join?我们要参加哪个社团?
2 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
3 lecture s9IzB     
n.讲座,讲课;演讲
参考例句:
  • I take it as a pleasure to attend your lecture.我很愿意听你讲课。
  • The professor began his lecture by telling a joke.教授在讲课前先讲一个笑话。
4 economics grzxZ     
n.经济学,经济情况
参考例句:
  • He is studying economics,which subject is very important.他正在学习经济学,该学科是很重要的。
  • One can't separate politics from economics.不能把政治与经济割裂开来。
5 vocation 8h6wB     
n.职业,行业
参考例句:
  • She struggled for years to find her true vocation.她多年来苦苦寻找真正适合自己的职业。
  • She felt it was her vocation to minister to the sick.她觉得照料病人是她的天职。
6 spoke XryyC     
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
参考例句:
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

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