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VOA慢速英语2017 美国批准针对罕见致盲病的基因疗法

时间:2017-12-31 23:38:26

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(单词翻译)

Gene1 Therapy for Rare Form of Blindness Approved in US

American health officials recently approved the first gene therapy treatment for an inherited disease – the type that can pass from parent to child.

美国卫生官员最近批准了第一种治疗遗传性疾病的基因疗法。遗传性疾病是指可以从父母传给孩子的疾病。

The treatment improves the sight of patients suffering from a genetic2 mutation3 that destroys their ability to see. It is the first gene therapy approved where a corrective gene is given directly to patients.

这种疗法可以改善受基因突变破坏视觉能力的患者的视力。它是第一种获得批准的将修正基因直接赋予病人的基因疗法。

People with the disease usually start losing their sight before they are 18. This often progresses to total blindness. The gene that causes the disease could suddenly appear when a child is born with a copy of the gene from both parents.

患有这种疾病的患者通常会在18岁之前丧失视力,这往往会导致完全失明。当孩子遗传了来自父母双方的这种致病基因时,这种基因可能会突然呈现。

Only a few thousand people in the U.S. are thought to have the condition.

美国只有几千人被认为患有这种疾病。

Patients receive the therapy, called Luxturna, through two injections, one for each eye. These replace the problem gene that prevents the retina, a tissue at the back of the eye, from changing light into electronic signals sent to the brain.

患者通过两次注射,每只眼睛接受一次注射来接受这种被称为Luxturna的疗法。这些基因会取代妨碍视网膜将光线转化为电子信号发送给大脑的问题基因。视网膜是眼睛里面的一种组织。

Mistie Lovelace received one of the early treatments. She said, “One of the best things I’ve ever seen since surgery are the stars. I never knew that they were little dots that twinkled.”

米斯提·洛夫雷斯(Mistie Lovelace)接受了这种早期治疗。她说:“手术之后我看到的最美好的东西就是星星。我从来不知道它们就是些闪烁的小光点。”

Drugmaker Spark Therapeutics has not set the price for the treatment. Its own research, however, has put the value of the therapy at around $1 million.

制药商Drugmaker尚未确定这种疗法的价格。然而,该公司自己的研究将这种疗法的价值定在1百万美元左右。

The company says the reason for the high price is due to their prediction that Luxturna will be given only once, with lasting4 positive effects. To date, the company has researched patients in a study for as long as four years and has not seen their vision worsen.

该公司表示,高价格是因为他们预测Luxturna疗法只有一次能够具有持久的积极影响。迄今为止,该公司已经对病人进行了长达四年的研究,并且他们的视力没有出现恶化。

The Food and Drug Administration has approved three gene therapies since August. The two other treatments are specially5 designed treatments for forms of blood cancer.

自8月份以来,美国食品和药品管理局已经批准了三种基因疗法。另两种疗法是对白血病的特别定制疗法。

New success for difficult field

高难度领域的新成功

The approval marks an important growth for a field of study that has struggled with safety concerns.

获得批准标志着深受安全担忧困扰的这一研究领域取得了重要进展。

In 1999, a patient treated for a rare metabolic6 disorder7 at the University of Pennsylvania died. In another case, patients treated for an immune disorder later developed leukemia.

1999年,一名在宾夕法尼亚大学接受罕见代谢紊乱疾病治疗的患者去世。在另一起案例中,接受一种免疫疾病治疗的患者后来患上了白血病。

Dr. David Valle said the excitement about the possibilities for genetic medicine create opportunities for research on individual diseases.

戴维·瓦勒博士(Dr. David Valle)表示,遗传医学的这种可能性为研究具体疾病创造了机会。

University of Pennsylvania researcher Dr. Jean Bennett said she and her husband, Dr. Albert Maguire, first imagined using genetic medicine to treat retinal blindness in the mid-1980s.

宾夕法尼亚大学研究员吉恩·班纳特博士(Dr. Jean Bennett)表示,她和她的丈夫艾伯特·马奎尔博士(Dr. Albert Maguire)最初在上世纪80年代中期就设想了利用遗传医学治疗视网膜疾病导致的失明。

But it took many years to develop the science and technology. The first animal tests happened in 2000 and the first human tests in 2007.

但是开发这类科学技术花了很多年时间。第一次动物试验是在2000年,第一次人体试验是在2007年。

“We didn’t know what genes8 caused the disease, we didn’t have animal models with those genes, we didn’t have the ability to clone genes and deliver them to the retina — so it took time to develop all that,” said Bennett.

班纳特表示:“我们不知道是什么基因导致了这种疾病,我们不具备这些基因的动物模型,我们不具备克隆基因并将它传递到视网膜的能力,所以需要花费时间来开发以上这些技术。”

I’m Phil Dierking.

Words in This Story

clone - n. a plant or animal that is grown from one cell of its parent and that has exactly the same genes as its parent

dots - n. small round marks

gene therapy - n. a way of treating some disorders9 and diseases that usually involves replacing bad copies of genes with other genes

immune - adj. not capable of being affected10 by a disease

inherit - v. to have (a characteristic, disease, etc.) because of the genes that you get from your parents when you are born

leukemia - n. a very serious disease in which the body forms too many white blood cells

metabolic - adj. the chemical processes by which a plant or an animal uses food, water, etc., to grow and heal and to make energy

mutation - n. a change in the genes of a plant or animal that causes physical characteristics that are different from what is normal

surgery - n. medical treatment in which a doctor cuts into someone's body in order to repair or remove damaged or diseased parts

twinkle - v. a quick, unsteady movement of light

opportunity - n. ?an amount of time or a situation in which something can be done?

deliver - v. ? to take (something) to a person or place


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1 gene WgKxx     
n.遗传因子,基因
参考例句:
  • A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
  • The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。
2 genetic PgIxp     
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
参考例句:
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
3 mutation t1PyM     
n.变化,变异,转变
参考例句:
  • People who have this mutation need less sleep than others.有这种突变的人需要的睡眠比其他人少。
  • So far the discussion has centered entirely around mutation in the strict sense.到目前为止,严格来讲,讨论完全集中于围绕突变问题上。
4 lasting IpCz02     
adj.永久的,永恒的;vbl.持续,维持
参考例句:
  • The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
  • We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。
5 specially Hviwq     
adv.特定地;特殊地;明确地
参考例句:
  • They are specially packaged so that they stack easily.它们经过特别包装以便于堆放。
  • The machine was designed specially for demolishing old buildings.这种机器是专为拆毁旧楼房而设计的。
6 metabolic 2R4z1     
adj.新陈代谢的
参考例句:
  • Impressive metabolic alternations have been undergone during embryogenesis.在胚胎发生期间经历了深刻的代谢变化。
  • A number of intoxicants are associated with metabolic acidosis.许多毒性物质可引起代谢性酸中毒。
7 disorder Et1x4     
n.紊乱,混乱;骚动,骚乱;疾病,失调
参考例句:
  • When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后,他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
  • It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。
8 genes 01914f8eac35d7e14afa065217edd8c0     
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
9 disorders 6e49dcafe3638183c823d3aa5b12b010     
n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 );凌乱;骚乱;(身心、机能)失调
参考例句:
  • Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告,厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》
10 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

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