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Grammar for Exercise, Part 2

时间:2022-12-20 02:02:13

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(单词翻译)

Last week, we looked at common phrasal verbs and gerunds linked to exercising and health. For this week's Everyday Grammar report, we will continue to explore exercise vocabulary. We will learn different prepositions, verbs, and nouns we can use when talking about what we do to exercise and how we use our muscles.

Let's start with common prepositional phrases.

In shape, into shape and out of shape

Two common prepositional phrases we use for talking about physical health is being "in shape" or "out of shape." Another one you will hear is getting "back into shape."

If you are "in shape," you are physically1 strong and fit. People who are in shape likely exercise regularly and eat well.

Adam was so in shape last year. He worked out almost every day.

If you are out of shape, you are not physically fit. "Out of" is used to show a change away from the usual or expected form.

Dmitry was out of shape after his knee operation.

When you are out of shape, you may want to get "back into shape." This means you start doing physical activity to become fit and strong.

Brittany's new year resolution is getting back into shape by doing yoga three times a week.

Engage and activate2

When you work out, it is important to do exercises the right way. This helps keep you safe from injury and makes your efforts more effective.

You might hear someone tell you to make sure you "engage your muscles." The verb "engage" means to involve. When you "engage" your muscles, you are using them.

Exercise like yoga engages your core muscles.

A similar verb is "activate." This means to make active. When we activate our muscles, we "turn on" or start to use them. This activation3 is created by the connection between our brain and muscles.

If we activate our muscles for exercise, we can better engage the muscles and use them!

It's important to activate your stomach muscles to support your back.

Nouns

Now let's look at some nouns you can use to talk about your exercise routine.

Activities like weightlifting and high intensity4 training have special words that describe and differentiate5 between groups of exercises.

A "rep," for example, is a shortened form of "repetitions." A rep is the number of times you do the movement of an exercise.

She did 10 reps of squats7.

A "set" is group of reps. There are usually about 8 to 12 reps in a set. There may be fewer reps if the exercise involves heavier weights. And there may be more if the weights are lighter8. After each set, you should rest for a minute or two.

I like to do four sets of eight reps of biceps curls.

A "superset" is a combination of exercises in a sequence with no break or rest. So, you do one set of one kind of exercise, centering on one muscle or group, then immediately change to the other kind of exercise, centering on a different muscle or group.

Our superset today includes chest flies and a tricep dip.

A "circuit" is a combination of three or more exercises that you complete back-to-back with no rest in between. Circuits combine strength training and cardio. Cardio is any kind of exercise that gets your heart to beat faster and harder for a period of time.

I jumped and did pushups and lunges for my circuit today.

An "interval9" is the amount of time you take to do the exercise.

We do two-minute intervals10 of the circuit before taking a 20-second rest.

Finally, a "round" is how many times you complete a group of circuit exercises.

I completed five rounds of the circuit before the time finished.

Final thoughts

Today we looked at more common expressions for exercise, including the prepositional phrases "in shape" and "out of shape" and verbs like "engage" and "activate." We also looked at the differences between "rep," "set," and "superset," among others.

Let's end this report with some homework.

Try to make some more sentences with either the verbs, prepositional phrases or the nouns that we talked about today.

You can talk about which muscle or body parts you activate or engage while you work out.

Or you can describe your workout routine with nouns like "round," "interval," or "circuit."

Share your work in the comments!

Words in This Story

gerund – n. (grammar). the -ing form of a verb that acts like a noun

routine – n. a series of actions that are repeated in the same way in a given situation

destination – n. a place to which a person is going, or something is sent

gym (gymnasium) – n. a building or room for exercise

yoga – n. a system of exercises for gaining bodily or mental control and well-being11

core – n. all the muscles in your torso or middle part of your body

abdominal12 – n. the part of the body below the chest that contains the stomach and other organs

intensity – n. extreme degree of strength, force, energy, or feeling

squat6 – n. a position in which your knees are bent13, and your body lowered so that you are close to your heels or sitting on your heels

biceps curls – n. an exercise where you bend your arms at the elbow to strengthen your bicep muscle or the front part of the upper arm

tricep dip – n. an exercise to make your triceps, the large muscle in the back of the arm, stronger

chest flies – n. exercises to make your chest muscles stronger

cardio – n. any type of exercise that causes the heart to beat faster and harder for a period of time

pushup – n. an exercise in which you lie on your stomach and raise and lower your body by straightening and bending your arms

lunge –v. to move or reach forward suddenly in a forceful way


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1 physically iNix5     
adj.物质上,体格上,身体上,按自然规律
参考例句:
  • He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服,心绪也很乱。
  • Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。
2 activate UJ2y0     
vt.使活动起来,使开始起作用
参考例句:
  • We must activate the youth to study.我们要激励青年去学习。
  • These push buttons can activate the elevator.这些按钮能启动电梯。
3 activation 24eed33ee38027d124839f0fcdf6adcb     
n. 激活,催化作用
参考例句:
  • A computer controls the activation of an air bag.电脑控制着气囊的启动。
4 intensity 45Ixd     
n.强烈,剧烈;强度;烈度
参考例句:
  • I didn't realize the intensity of people's feelings on this issue.我没有意识到这一问题能引起群情激奋。
  • The strike is growing in intensity.罢工日益加剧。
5 differentiate cm3yc     
vi.(between)区分;vt.区别;使不同
参考例句:
  • You can differentiate between the houses by the shape of their chimneys.你可以凭借烟囱形状的不同来区分这两幢房子。
  • He never learned to differentiate between good and evil.他从未学会分辨善恶。
6 squat 2GRzp     
v.蹲坐,蹲下;n.蹲下;adj.矮胖的,粗矮的
参考例句:
  • For this exercise you need to get into a squat.在这次练习中你需要蹲下来。
  • He is a squat man.他是一个矮胖的男人。
7 squats d74c6e9c9fa3e98c65465b339d14fc85     
n.蹲坐,蹲姿( squat的名词复数 );被擅自占用的建筑物v.像动物一样蹲下( squat的第三人称单数 );非法擅自占用(土地或房屋);为获得其所有权;而占用某片公共用地。
参考例句:
  • The square squats in the centre of the city. 广场位于市中心。 来自互联网
  • Various squats, lunges, jumps and sprints are incorporated for the humans. 主人们还要进行下蹲、弓步、跳跃和短跑等各项训练。 来自互联网
8 lighter 5pPzPR     
n.打火机,点火器;驳船;v.用驳船运送;light的比较级
参考例句:
  • The portrait was touched up so as to make it lighter.这张画经过润色,色调明朗了一些。
  • The lighter works off the car battery.引燃器利用汽车蓄电池打火。
9 interval 85kxY     
n.间隔,间距;幕间休息,中场休息
参考例句:
  • The interval between the two trees measures 40 feet.这两棵树的间隔是40英尺。
  • There was a long interval before he anwsered the telephone.隔了好久他才回了电话。
10 intervals f46c9d8b430e8c86dea610ec56b7cbef     
n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 );间隔时间;[数学]区间;(戏剧、电影或音乐会的)幕间休息
参考例句:
  • The forecast said there would be sunny intervals and showers. 预报间晴,有阵雨。
  • Meetings take place at fortnightly intervals. 每两周开一次会。
11 well-being Fe3zbn     
n.安康,安乐,幸福
参考例句:
  • He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
  • My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福,却被误解为多管闲事。
12 abdominal VIUya     
adj.腹(部)的,下腹的;n.腹肌
参考例句:
  • The abdominal aorta is normally smaller than the thoracic aorta.腹主动脉一般比胸主动脉小。
  • Abdominal tissues sometimes adhere after an operation.手术之后腹部有时会出现粘连。
13 bent QQ8yD     
n.爱好,癖好;adj.弯的;决心的,一心的
参考例句:
  • He was fully bent upon the project.他一心扑在这项计划上。
  • We bent over backward to help them.我们尽了最大努力帮助他们。

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