VOA新闻杂志2023 渔业监管机构必须更加透明化

（单词翻译）

Environmental groups and fishing interests are criticizing regional organizations set up by the United Nations to supervise fishing activities around the world.

环保组织和渔业利益集团批评联合国设立的监督世界各地渔业活动的区域组织。

The groups say the U.N. bodies need to be clearer and more open about what they are doing.

这些组织表示，联合国机构需要让它们正在做的事情更加公开透明化。

There are about 50 fisheries management organizations around the world.

全球约有50个渔业管理组织。

They bring together local fishers, coastal¹ states, and big international fishers.

它们将当地渔民、沿海国家和大型国际捕鱼公司聚集在一起。

They help regulate fishing rights for companies and countries in a way that is meant to conserve² populations of fish and other ocean animals.

它们帮助监管公司和国家的捕鱼权，以保护鱼类和其他海洋动物种群。

For years, these regulators have been accused of undemocratic practices that favor big, industrial fishers.

多年来，这些监管机构一直因偏袒大型工业捕鱼者的不民主做法而被指责。

Now several conservation groups are calling for a change.

如今，一些环保组织正在呼吁做出改变。

Groups like the Ocean Foundation and the Global Tuna Alliance have supported more openness about the fisheries organizations' decisions.

海洋基金会和全球金枪鱼联盟等组织支持让渔业组织的决策更加公开化的要求。

They say more openness will permit more members of the public to take part in conservation efforts.

他们表示，更开放将会允许更多的公众参与保护工作。

The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) oversees³ fisheries management organizations.

联合国粮食及农业组织监督渔业管理组织。

The FAO said it supports more openness in fisheries.

粮农组织表示，它支持让渔业更加开放的要求。

But for local and small fishers who depend on well-managed fish populations, it's unclear if more open measures will help.

但对于依赖管理良好的鱼类种群的当地和小渔民来说，目前还不清楚更开放的措施是否会有所帮助。

Kassim Abdalla is a fisherman on Kenya's coast.

卡西姆·阿布达拉是肯尼亚海岸的一名渔民。

He is part of a cooperative group of fishers.

他是一个渔民合作组织的成员。

"I only hear of meetings on fisheries, but I have no idea what it is they discuss there. I have never been invited," he said.

“我只听说过渔业会议，但我不知道他们在那里讨论什么。我从来没有被邀请过，”他说。

He added that he cannot compete with large fisheries from developed nations.

他补充说，他无法与发达国家的大型渔业竞争。

The concern among environmentalists and small fishers is that large fishing boats can do things that are not possible for smaller boats.

环保人士和小渔民的担忧是，大型渔船可以做一些小船无法做到的事情。

Their activities take fish supplies from fishers who must stay close to the coast.

他们的活动从必须留在海岸附近的渔民那里夺取了鱼类资源。

If there are no fish close to the coast, smaller fishers must take their boats farther out to sea, which is more dangerous.

如果海岸附近没有鱼，小渔民必须把他们的船开到更远的海上，这更危险。

Many industrial fishing boats use a method called purse seining.

许多工业渔船使用一种叫做围网捕鱼的方法。

Fredric Manach said this method uses two-kilometer-long nets that surround whole schools of fish.

弗雷德里克·马纳赫说，这种方法使用两公里长的网来包围整个鱼群。

Manach is a marine⁴ scientist with the ocean conservation group Bloom.

马纳赫是海洋保护组织Bloom的一名海洋科学家。

Purse seining makes it difficult to protect fish populations, he said.

他说，围网捕鱼使保护鱼类种群变得困难。

The European Union is closely involved in eight regional fisheries management organizations worldwide.

欧盟密切参与了全世界八个区域渔业管理组织。

The EU has been accused of using methods like purse seining.

欧盟因使用围网捕鱼等方法而被指责。

Critics also say the EU pressures coastal states to get better access to regional fishery management organizations.

批评人士还表示，欧盟向沿海国家施压，要求它们最好加入区域渔业管理组织。

The EU Commission denied the claims.

欧盟委员会否认了这些说法。

It said it is not suppressing developing countries for more favorable access.

它表示，它并没有为了获得更优惠的准入待遇而压制发展中国家。

It also said that it would ban purse seining if science supported a ban.

它还表示，如果科学支持禁令，它将禁止围网捕鱼。

But "it is essential that science is the backbone⁵" of decision-making, EU officials said.

但欧盟官员表示，“科学是决策的支柱，这一点至关重要”。

Manach said the regulatory bodies need to be more open about how they set fishing limits for countries and groups.

马纳赫说，监管机构需要在如何为国家和组织设定捕捞限制方面更加开放。

"There is absolutely no transparency" surrounding how limits are set and who gets them, he said.

他说，在如何设定限制以及谁被限制方面，“完全没有透明度”。

Last month, the U.N. high seas treaty was finally approved.

上个月，联合国《公海条约》终于获得批准。

The treaty will create a new body to manage conservation of ocean life and establish protected areas in the world's oceans.

该条约将建立一个新的机构来管理保护海洋生物，并在世界海洋中建立保护区。

The hope for conservation groups is that fishery bodies involve small fishers in the discussions.

保护组织希望渔业机构能让小渔民参与讨论。

Ryan Orgera is with Accountability.Fish, a non-profit group based in Brussels.

瑞安·奥格拉是总部设在布鲁塞尔的非营利性组织“Accountability.Fish”的工作人员。

He said the most important thing is transparency.

他说，最重要的是透明度。

He said more openness can make sure that "societies have access to what happens to our collective resources."

他说，更开放可以确保“社会能够了解我们的集体资源发生了什么。”

I'm Dan Novak.

丹·诺瓦克为您播报。