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文化新闻摘要(一)

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                             10 文化新闻摘要(一)
DATE=3-6-01
TITLE=SCIENCE IN THE NEWS #2114 - Digest
BYLINE=Staff

VOICE ONE:
This is Bob (1)Doughty1.
VOICE TWO:
And this is Sarah Long with Science in the News, a VOA Special English program about recent (2)developments in science. Today, we tell about an American study of an ancient Chinese (3)treatment. And we tell why breast-feeding is important to both babies and their mothers.
((THEME))
VOICE ONE:
An American government health agency is studying an ancient Chinese treatment to see if it helps patients with arthritis2. Almost six-hundred (4)patients over age fifty will take part in a test of (5)acupuncture3. Acupuncture is the (6)ancient Chinese method of easing pain, treating disease and improving (7)general health. During acupuncture, very small, sharp needles are placed in the skin at targeted body points. Millions of people in many countries have tried acupuncture to ease pain. But researchers still do not fully4 understand how it works.
Researchers organized the study to find out if acupuncture can help (8)arthritis of the knee. Millions of older Americans suffer from the problem. The disease damages the (9)knee joint5 -- the place where the bones connect. Arthritis can make moving the knee joint very painful. Arthritis is caused by the (10)destruction of (11)cartilage. This is the connective (12)tissue at the ends of bones that permits the bones to slide (13)smoothly across one another.
VOICE TWO:
Acupuncture for arthritis is among several treatments being tested by the National Center for (14)Complementary and Alternative Medicine. The agency is part of the National (15)Institutes of Health, near Washington, D-C.
Alternative usually means a medicine or treatment used in place of a traditional one. Complementary usually means treatments used with other methods.
Congress created the National Center for Complementary and (16)Alternative Medicine in Nineteen-Ninety-Eight. Its major goal is to prove which treatments can help patients. It also will warn the public about unsafe or useless treatments.
VOICE ONE:
The World Health Organization says acupuncture can help patients with arthritis. Chinese and some European health experts often use the treatment for the disease. However, the new study is the first scientifically controlled American study of acupuncture with a large number of patients. Brian Berman leads the (17)project. Doctor Berman is a researcher at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore.
Patients at three medical centers are taking part in the study. One is the University of Maryland medical center. Another is a private research center in Catonsville, Maryland. The third is the Hospital for Special (18)Surgery in New York City.
VOICE TWO:
The study is trying to find out if (19)traditional Chinese acupuncture is an effective treatment for arthritis. One group of patients is receiving true acupuncture. They are having (20)needles placed in their (21)skin at traditional acupuncture points designed to help arthritis of the knee. The other group is receiving false acupuncture. They are having needles placed in other areas. The researchers say they can perform the acupuncture so patients will not know which kind they are receiving.
The patients receive two treatments a week for the first eight weeks. Then they are treated less often for eighteen weeks. The researchers will (22)publish their findings after six months. The study also will measure the effectiveness of true acupuncture compared with an information program. The National Arthritis Foundation will offer information and suggestions for some of the patients.
VOICE ONE:
The scientists will continue studying the patients for four years. They want to learn if acupuncture reduces the patients' need for drugs or operations.
Earlier studies have shown that traditional Chinese acupuncture may increase the production of natural pain-reducing chemicals in the body. These endorphins are released in the brain, spinal6 cord and pituitary gland7. Acupuncture also may release neurotransmitters. These are chemicals that carry messages in the nervous system. And it may activate8 nerve pathways that are important in the control of pain.
VOICE TWO:
People in China have used acupuncture for more than two-thousand-five-hundred years. It developed from the ancient Chinese theory of the forces called yin and yang. These forces act in the whole universe as well as in the human body. Chinese (23)medicine says an (24)incorrect balance between yin and yang causes problems in the body. The goal of Chinese health care is to return (25)balance to the body.
Chinese doctors believe an (26)imbalance of yin and yang blocks an important life force. This force is called ch'i (CHEE). The energy of the ch'i flows through twelve (27)pathways of the body called meridians9.
VOICE ONE:
Each (28)meridian is linked with a (29)major organ, such as the heart or liver. Meridians also are linked to systems of the body, such as the (30)digestive system. Pain is believed to result from (31)blockages in energy flow.
Acupuncture is designed to affect the yin and yang in the meridians so that the ch'i will be able to flow freely. Modern Chinese acupuncture experts use it to treat conditions including (32)headache and stomach problems. In China, acupuncture also is used to block pain in patients having operations.
VOICE TWO:
The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine is carrying out another study about arthritis. It is studying two popular (33)nutritional substances. They are (34)glucosamine  (glue-COH-sa-meen) and (35)chondroitin (con-DROY-tin) sulfate. Many Americans take these substances to ease the pain of arthritis. One-thousand-two-hundred patients are taking part in the study.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE ONE:
You are listening to the Special English program SCIENCE IN THE NEWS on VOA. This is Bob Doughty with Sarah Long in Washington.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
Doctors are concerned that women in industrial nations are not breast-feeding their babies long enough. Now, two new scientific studies show how important breast-feeding is to both babies and mothers.
A recent medical study shows that breast-feeding improves the health of babies. The study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Researchers studied more than seventeen-thousand mothers and their babies in the former (36)Soviet (37)Republic of Belarus. Almost all the mothers breast-fed their babies. However, one-half of the mothers breast-fed longer than the other half.
VOICE TWO:
The study found that the babies who were breast-fed for longer periods of time had forty percent fewer infections of the stomach and intestines10. The research also showed that these babies had fewer skin problems.
Michael Kramer of McGill University in (38)Montreal, Canada was one of the research leaders. Doctor Kramer says the number of mothers who do not breast-feed is too high. He says many mothers stop breast-feeding too early, or give their babies solid food too early.
VOICE ONE:
The other study was done in Shandong Province, China. Researchers from Yale University in New Haven11, Connecticut carried out the study. They studied more than seven-hundred Chinese women.
The study found that women who breast-fed their babies for more than two years reduced their risk of (39)developing breast cancer by about fifty percent. The study compared women who breast-fed for two years and women who did so for only six months. The researchers also noted12 that women who breast-fed for at least seventy-three months during their life had a much lower risk of (40)breast (41)cancer.
VOICE TWO:
The study did not explore why breast-feeding may reduce the risk of breast cancer. One (42)theory is that breast-feeding suppresses the hormone13 estrogen which has been linked to breast cancer.
Women in China and other developing (43)countries normally breast-feed their babies for two years or longer. This is not true in the United States. American government health studies show that sixty-four percent of mothers breast-fed after giving birth. But only about thirty percent continue after six months. Public health officials want more American women to breast-feed their babies for at least one year.
((THEME))
VOICE ONE:
This SCIENCE IN THE NEWS program was written by Jerilyn Watson and Mario Ritter. It was produced by George Grow. This is Bob Doughty.
VOICE TWO:
And this is Sarah Long. Join us again next week for more news about science in Special English on the Voice of America.


(1)   doughty[ 5dauti ]adj.强的, 刚强的, 勇敢的
(2) development[ di5velEpmEnt ]n.发展
(3) treatment[ 5tri:tmEnt ]n.待遇, 对待, 处理, 治疗
(4) patient[ 5peiFEnt ]n.病人, 患者adj.忍耐的, 耐心的
(5) acupuncture[5AkjupQNktFE(r)]n.针刺疗法v.施行针刺疗法
(6) ancient[ 5einFEnt ] adj.远古的, 旧的
(7) general[ 5dVenErEl ]n.普通, adj.一般的, 普通的, 综合的, 概括的, 全面的,
(8) arthritis[ B:5Wraitis ]n.关节炎
(9) knee[ ni: ]n.膝, 膝盖
(10) destruction[ dis5trQkFEn ]n.破坏, 毁灭
(11) cartilage[ 5kB:tilidV ]n.[解剖]软骨
(12) tissue[ 5tisju: ]n.薄的纱织品, 薄纸, [生]组织, 连篇
(13) smoothly[5smu:TlI]adv.平稳地
(14) complementary[kRmplE5mentErI]adj.补充的, 补足的
(15) institute[ 5institju:t ]n.学会, 学院, 协会vt.创立, 开始, 制定, 开始(调查), 提起(诉讼)
(16) alternative[ C:l5tE:nEtiv ]n.二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物adj.选择性的,
(17) project[ 5prCdVekt ]n.计划, 方案, 事业, 企业, 工程v.设计, 计划, 投射, 放映, 射
(18) surgery[ 5sE:dVEri ]n.外科, 外科学, 手术室, 诊疗室
(19) traditional[trE5dIFEn(E)l]adj.传统的, 惯例的, 口传的, 传说的
(20) needle[ 5ni:dl ]n.针
(21) skin[ skin ]n.皮, 皮肤, 兽皮, 皮毛, 外皮, 外壳v.长皮
(22) publish[ 5pQbliF ]v.出版, 刊印vt.公布, 发表
(23) medicine[ 5medsin, -disin ]n.药, 医学, 内科学, 内服药vt.给...用药
(24) incorrect[ 7inkE5rekt ]adj.错误的, 不正确的
(25) balance[5bAlEns]n.秤, 天平, 平衡, [商] 收支差额, v.平衡, 称,  对比, n.资产平稳表
(26) imbalance[ im5bAlEns ]n.不平衡, 不均衡
(27) pathway[ 5pB:Wwei ]n.路, 径
(28) meridian[ mE5ridiEn ]n.子午线, 正午, 顶点, 全盛时期adj.子午线的, 正午的,
(29) major[ 5meidVE ]n.<美>[教]主修课, [乐]大调adj.主修的, 成年的, 大调的vi.主修
(30) digestive[ di5dVestiv, dai- ]adj.消化的, 有助消化的
(31) blockage[ 5blCkidV ]n.封锁, 妨碍
(32) headache[5hedeIk]n.头痛, 令人头痛之事
(33) nutritional[njU: `trIFEnEl]adj.营养的, 滋养的
(34) glucosamine[ ^lu:kEu5sAmi:n ]n.[生化]葡(萄)糖胺,氨基葡(萄)糖
(35) chondroitin[ kEn5drEuitin ]n.[生化]软骨素
(36) Soviet[ 5sEuviet ]adj.苏联的
(37) republic[ ri5pQblik ]n.共和国, 共和政体adj.共和的
(38) Montreal[ 7mCntri5C:l ]n. 蒙特利尔(加拿大)
(39) developing[ di5velEpiN ]adj.发展中的
(40) breast[ brest ]n.胸部, 乳房, 胸怀, 心情vt.以胸对着, 对付
(41) cancer[ 5kAnsE ]n.癌, 毒瘤
(42) theory[ 5WiEri ]n.理论, 学说, ...论, 原理, 意见, 推测
(43) country[ 5kQntri ].国家, 国土, [总称]国民, 乡村, 故乡adj.乡下的, 乡村的, [方]祖国的


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1 doughty Jk5zg     
adj.勇猛的,坚强的
参考例句:
  • Most of successful men have the characteristics of contumacy and doughty.绝大多数成功人士都有共同的特质:脾气倔强,性格刚强。
  • The doughty old man battled his illness with fierce determination.坚强的老人用巨大毅力与疾病作斗争。
2 arthritis XeyyE     
n.关节炎
参考例句:
  • Rheumatoid arthritis has also been linked with the virus.风湿性关节炎也与这种病毒有关。
  • He spent three months in the hospital with acute rheumatic arthritis.他患急性风湿性关节炎,在医院住了三个月。
3 acupuncture 3zEznF     
n.针灸,针刺法,针疗法
参考例句:
  • Written records show that acupuncture dates back to the Song Dynasty.文字记载表明,宋朝就已经有了针灸。
  • It's known that acupuncture originated in China.众所周知,针灸起源于中国。
4 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
5 joint m3lx4     
adj.联合的,共同的;n.关节,接合处;v.连接,贴合
参考例句:
  • I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤,肩膀脫臼了。
  • We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。
6 spinal KFczS     
adj.针的,尖刺的,尖刺状突起的;adj.脊骨的,脊髓的
参考例句:
  • After three days in Japan,the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.在日本三天,就已经使脊椎骨变得富有弹性了。
  • Your spinal column is made up of 24 movable vertebrae.你的脊柱由24个活动的脊椎骨构成。
7 gland qeGzu     
n.腺体,(机)密封压盖,填料盖
参考例句:
  • This is a snake's poison gland.这就是蛇的毒腺。
  • Her mother has an underactive adrenal gland.她的母亲肾上腺机能不全。
8 activate UJ2y0     
vt.使活动起来,使开始起作用
参考例句:
  • We must activate the youth to study.我们要激励青年去学习。
  • These push buttons can activate the elevator.这些按钮能启动电梯。
9 meridians 9b078748e6111ce289c6c3a37954ae72     
n.子午圈( meridian的名词复数 );子午线;顶点;(权力,成就等的)全盛时期
参考例句:
  • Meridians are great circles passing through both poles. 经线均为通过两极。 来自辞典例句
  • The Cutaneous Regions are within the domains of the Twelve Regular Meridians. 十二皮部是十二经脉功能活动反映于体表的部位,也是络脉之气散布之所在。 来自互联网
10 intestines e809cc608db249eaf1b13d564503dbca     
n.肠( intestine的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Perhaps the most serious problems occur in the stomach and intestines. 最严重的问题或许出现在胃和肠里。 来自辞典例句
  • The traps of carnivorous plants function a little like the stomachs and small intestines of animals. 食肉植物的捕蝇器起着动物的胃和小肠的作用。 来自辞典例句
11 haven 8dhzp     
n.安全的地方,避难所,庇护所
参考例句:
  • It's a real haven at the end of a busy working day.忙碌了一整天后,这真是一个安乐窝。
  • The school library is a little haven of peace and quiet.学校的图书馆是一个和平且安静的小避风港。
12 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的,知名的
参考例句:
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
13 hormone uyky3     
n.荷尔蒙,激素,内分泌
参考例句:
  • Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
  • This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。

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