60秒科学:Murchison Meteorite's Chemical Bonanza

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Murchison Meteorite¹'s Chemical Bonanza²
The 1969 Murchison meteorite was known to harbor complex organic compounds, but a new analysis in Proceedings³ of the National Academy of Sciences finds that it may also contain millions of chemicals and shed light on the timeline of the kinds of chemistry that went on in a much earlier universe. Adam Hinterthuer reports

The famous Murchison meteorite smashed into the Australian ground in 1969. Researchers then discovered that the space rock contained many organic chemicals, including amino acids—the building blocks of proteins. But a new study says that by focusing on the organic molecules⁴ by which life on earth might have been jumpstarted, those scientists missed possibly millions of other cosmic compounds.

Using high-resolution structural⁵ spectroscopy, a European research team [led by Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin of the Institute for Ecological⁶ Chemistry in Munich, Germany] has probed the errant rock further and found more than 14,000 basic combinations of molecules. They estimate that those compounds indicate that millions of different chemicals are present in the meteorite. And that suggests an extraterrestrial diversity of molecules far greater than the chemical makeup⁷ of Earth. The report is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

According to the study, the Murchison meteorite is possibly older than our sun and picked up its chemical hitchhikers in the solar system’s infancy⁸ as it passed through primordial⁹ clouds. By further analyzing¹⁰ the meteorite, researchers hope to understand its chemical evolution and create a timeline of the chemistry of our universe.