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SSS 2010-12-27

时间：2011-01-06 06:52:07

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（单词翻译）

This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky. Got a minute?

As a bitter winter storm rages on the east coast, it's hard to knock being warm-blooded. But what about the metabolic1 cost of maintaining a high body-temperature? Well, a new study finds that we and many other mammals keep up such a torrid temp because it's a Goldilocks situation—98.6 is just right.

Albert Einstein College of Medicine researchers previously2 showed that every one degree Celsius3 rise in body temperature wards4 off about 6 percent more fungal species. So tens of thousands of fungi5 can infect reptiles6 and amphibians7, but we can only be invaded by a few hundred fungi.

In the new work, the researchers created a mathematical model that weighed the fungal protection benefits versus8 the metabolic cost of high body-temperature. And the optimal9 temperature was 98.1, quite close to what evolution figured out. The research was published in the open-access journal mBio.

Too low a temperature and we're far more susceptible10 to fungal infections. Too high a temperature and we'd spend all our time taking in fuel to burn. So 98.6, like that middle bowl of porridge, is just right.

Thanks for the minute. For Scientific American's 60-Second Science, I'm Steve Mirsky.


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1 metabolic 2R4z1     
adj.新陈代谢的
参考例句：
  • Impressive metabolic alternations have been undergone during embryogenesis.在胚胎发生期间经历了深刻的代谢变化。
  • A number of intoxicants are associated with metabolic acidosis.许多毒性物质可引起代谢性酸中毒。
2 previously bkzzzC     
adv.以前，先前（地）
参考例句：
  • The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
  • Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。
3 Celsius AXRzl     
adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的
参考例句：
  • The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
  • The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。
4 wards 90fafe3a7d04ee1c17239fa2d768f8fc     
区( ward的名词复数 )； 病房； 受监护的未成年者； 被人照顾或控制的状态
参考例句：
  • This hospital has 20 medical [surgical] wards. 这所医院有 20 个内科[外科]病房。
  • It was a big constituency divided into three wards. 这是一个大选区，下设三个分区。
5 fungi 6hRx6     
n.真菌，霉菌
参考例句：
  • Students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
  • The lawn was covered with fungi.草地上到处都是蘑菇。
6 reptiles 45053265723f59bd84cf4af2b15def8e     
n.爬行动物，爬虫( reptile的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • Snakes and crocodiles are both reptiles. 蛇和鳄鱼都是爬行动物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Birds, reptiles and insects come from eggs. 鸟类、爬虫及昆虫是卵生的。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
7 amphibians c4a317a734a700eb6f767bdc511c1588     
两栖动物( amphibian的名词复数 )； 水陆两用车； 水旱两生植物； 水陆两用飞行器
参考例句：
  • The skin of amphibians is permeable to water. 两栖动物的皮肤是透水的。
  • Two amphibians ferry them out over the sands. 两辆水陆两用车把他们渡过沙滩。
8 versus wi7wU     
prep.以…为对手，对；与…相比之下
参考例句：
  • The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
  • The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。
9 optimal zmDzhM     
adj.最适宜的；最理想的；最令人满意的
参考例句：
  • What is the optimal mix of private and public property rights in natural resources?私人和国家的自然资源产权的最适宜的组合是什么？
  • Optimal path planning is a key link for the sailing contest.帆船最优行驶路径规划是帆船比赛取胜的关键环节。
10 susceptible 4rrw7     
adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的
参考例句：
  • Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
  • We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。

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