Researchers discover first planet orbiting two stars

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　　This is the first instance of astronomers¹ finding direct evidence of a so-called circumbinary planet. A few other planets have been suspected of orbiting around both members of a dual-star system, but the transits³ of the circumbinary planet have never been detected previously⁴.

　　The team, led by Laurance Doyle of the SETI Institute in California, used photometric data from the NASA Kepler space telescope, which monitors the brightness of 155,000 stars.

　　They found the binary² star system by detecting a system where the stars eclipsed each other from the perspective of the Kepler spacecraft. These stars have two eclipses: A primary eclipse when the larger star is partially⁵ blocked by the smaller star and a secondary eclipse where the smaller star is fully⁶ blocked by the larger star.

　　But the researchers also noticed other times when the brightness of the two stars dropped, even when they were not in an eclipse position. This pattern suggested that there was likely a third object involved. The fact that these so-called tertiary and quaternary eclipses recurred⁷ after varying intervals⁸ of time, and were of different depths, indicated that the stars were in different positions in their orbit at each instance. This result showed that the tertiary and quaternary eclipses were being caused by something circling both stars, and not an object circling one or the other star.

　　Measurements of the variations in the timing⁹ of all four types of eclipses, resulting from the mutual¹⁰ gravitational interactions of the two stars and the third body, demonstrated that the third object was, indeed, a planet. Their work indicates that the planet is less massive than Jupiter, possibly comparable in mass to Saturn¹¹, and that the larger of the two binary stars is smaller than our Sun.

　　Their findings will be published Friday in Science.

　　"This discovery confirms a new class of planetary systems that could harbor life," Kepler principal investigator¹² William Borucki said in a statement. "Given that most stars in our galaxy¹³ are part of a binary system, this means the opportunities for life are much broader than if planets form only around single stars. This milestone¹⁴ discovery confirms a theory that scientists have had for decades but could not prove until now."

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