在线英语听力室

语法句型技巧

时间:2012-04-11 08:44:40

(单词翻译:单击)

   为了突出句子的某个部分,我们可以使用强调句式。

  常见的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。
  It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。
  此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语。
  It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
  It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
  使用此句型时, 应注意以下几点。
  (1) 一般情况用It is(was)……that…如:
  He read three books in the library yesterday.
  我们分别可以强调主语、宾语、地点状语和时间状语。如:
  It was he who(that)read three books in the library yesterday. (强调主语)
  It was three books that he read in the library yesterday. (强调宾语)
  It was in the library that he read three books yesterday. (强调时间状语)
  (2) 当被强调部分指人时, 可用that, 也可用who; 指物时, 只用that, 如:
  It was Tom who(that)I met last week.
  It is a new boke that his brother wants to buy.
  (3) 强调状语时, 只用that, 不用when、where. 如:
  It is at 5 o‘clock that the train will arrive.
  (4) 被强调的部分是主语时, 注意句子的谓语动词和被强调的主语保持一致。如:
  It is he who is late.  It is they that were late.
  (5) 一般疑问句的强调句为“Is (was) it + that…?”; 特殊疑问句为: “特殊疑问词+ is (was) +that…?”结构。如:
  Was it ten years ago that his father died?他的父亲是十年前去世的吗?
  When is it that you will set off?你到底什么时候出发?
  (6) “not…until…”句型的强调结构为“It is not until…that…”应注意把否定词not转移到until前面。如:
  I didn’t go home until rain stopped. 直到雨停了我才回家。
  强调句为: It was not until rain stopped that I went home.
  I didn‘t know the news until yesterday. 直到昨天我才知道那个消息。
  强调句为: It was not until yesterday that I knew the news.
  原句:  My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
  强调主语: It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
  强调宾语: It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
  强调时间: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
  强调地点: It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
  C.倒装句:(这是我们在阅读文章时常见到的句式。)
  英语中主语在前谓语在后的语序称为自然语序。由于语法、修辞的需要谓语置于主语之前,称为全部倒装; 助动词、情态动词等移到主语之前而主要动词仍然在主语之后的,称作半倒装。 全部倒装和半倒装的句子统称倒装句。
  Ⅰ。全部倒装
  全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:
  1. here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。例如:
  1) There goes the bell. 铃声渐渐消失了。
  2) Then came the chairman. 然后主席就来了
  3) Here is your letter. 这是你的信。
  2. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。例如:
  1) Out rushed a missile1 from under the bomber2. 轰炸机下面发出了一颗导弹。
  2) Ahead sat an old woman.
  注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如:1) Here he comes. 他来了。   2) Away they went. 他们走了。
  Ⅱ。部分倒装
  部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
  1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…, scarcely3barely4 , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …等。例如:
  1) Never have I seen such a performance. 我从来没看过这样的表演。
  2) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你在哪儿都不会找到这个问题的答案。
  3) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 妈妈直到孩子睡着才离开房间。
  4) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚要出门时有个学生来找她。

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1 missile M64zz     
n.导弹,投射物
参考例句:
  • The missile curved gracefully towards its target.导弹呈优美的曲线状飞向目标。
  • We got a fix on the missile launching site.我们确定了导弹发射场的位置。
2 bomber vWwz7     
n.轰炸机,投弹手,投掷炸弹者
参考例句:
  • He flew a bomber during the war.他在战时驾驶轰炸机。
  • Detectives hunting the London bombers will be keen to interview him.追查伦敦爆炸案凶犯的侦探们急于对他进行讯问。
3 scarcely Vj6zJq     
adv.几乎不,简直没有,勉强
参考例句:
  • He found the dullness of his work scarcely bearable.他觉得他的工作枯燥乏味,简直无法忍受。
  • She scarcely earns enough money to make ends meet.她几乎挣不到足够的钱以维持开支。
4 barely gyFz0w     
adv.仅仅,几乎没有,几乎不
参考例句:
  • The male bird is barely distinguishable from the female.雄鸟和雌鸟几乎无法辨别。
  • He took barely enough money to keep the children in bread.他赚很少的钱仅够孩子们勉强糊口。