在线英语听力室

Teaching and Learning 名词1-1

时间:2006-05-16 16:00:00

(单词翻译:单击)

 

一、名词

  1. 名词的数

1)历届高考例题

    (1)_____turn green in spring.

A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves

    (2)Mr. Smith is going to pull out one of my ____.

A. teeth B. tooth C. teeths D. toothes

    (3)One of the first thing Joe did was to teach us how to play football.
                   A                    B       C                  D

    (4)Tables are made of ________.

A. wood B. woods C. wooden D. some wood

    (5)Father went to his doctor for _____about his heart trouble

A. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices

    (6) In his lecture, Professor Heaton gave them some advices on how
             A                              B                 C     D
    to learn a foreign language.

2)分析

1)历年来,英语高考中语法部分的名词考点为以下几种:

可数名词在句中单复数形式的判别;

规则名词的复数构成;

不规则名词的复数构成;

不可数名词的数量表达等

2)上述例句(1)正确答案应为D

    考证要点是单复数形式的判别和规则名词的复数构成,即以fe/f结尾的名词构成复数时,一般把fe/f改为v再加es。本句中的leaf 的复数形式为leaves。又如:wolf-wolves, knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives, shelf-shelves, thief-thieves, half-halves,但也有fe/f结尾的名词在构成其复数时,直接加s的情况如:roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs, belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs,serf-serfssafe-safes等也有少数fe/f结尾的名词要构成其复数时两种形式均可:

    如:handkerchief- handkerchiefs handkerchies scarf-scarfs scarves

(3)例句2的答案应为A。考点为不规则名词复数的构成。在英语中,少数名词构成复数的变化是不规则的:

    child-children, man-man

    foot-feet, mouse-mice

    tooth-teeth, goose-geese

    ox –oxen,等等

也有些名词单复数同形,如:

    Chinese, Japanese, sheep, means, deer, species1, aircraft, series, fish,等等

某些外来词的复数变化也属不规则,如:

    basis-bases, focus-foci focuses,

    abacus-abaci abacuses2, emphasis- emphases3

    phenomenon-phenomena

(4)例句2和例句3的共同考点为名词前有表示固定数量的词组one of,该名词应该用其复数形式,所以句子的正确答案为A。另外,可数名词前有数词(超过1),或带有数量概念的限定词those, those, some, few, other, all等修饰时,可数名词也须用复数形式。

5)例句4,5,6分别测试表示物质名称和抽象定义的不可数名词,一般没有复数形式,故句4的正确答案为A,句5的正确答案为B,句6的正确答案为C,改为advice。其中句4中的选项及woods意为“树林”,因为其单复数形式意义不同,故不能选B

3)除了上述考点,学生也应在对名词概念有一总体的清晰的印象:名词分为可数和不可数两种,可数名词一般分为个体名词doctor, tree, tiger等;集体名词: team, crowd, audience等,不可数名词一般分为:物质名词:flour, sugar, honey 等;集体名词:clothing, machinery4 等和抽象名词:peace, advice, French等。

2)表示不定量的限定词可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词事表示不定量概念,其中可以修饰可数名词的不定量限定词有:many, few, a number of, a large quantity of 等;如:

    A large number of schools are now equipped with computers. 很多学校都配备了计算机。

    Few students have the chance to go abroad. 很少有学生有机会出国。

可以修饰不可数名词的不定量限定词有muchlittle, a large amount of , a great deal of ,a large quantity of 等,如:

    She has little sugar left. 她剩下的糖也不多了。

    Every month, he spends a large amount of money on books. 每月他很多钱来买书。

(3)英语中有一些名词总以其复数形式出现,且不可用基数few等修饰,如clothes, trousers, glasses, 可以说a few clothes, a pair of trousers, a pair of glasses. 等。

(4)可数名词要构成其复数形式时,有些发音也会发生变化,如以-th结尾的名词,如果在-th之前的无意为长无音或双元音,ths的应发为/6+.GIF (106 bytes)z.GIF (90 bytes)/

mouth /m.GIF (107 bytes)au.GIF (127 bytes)q+.GIF (105 bytes)/ mouths/m.GIF (107 bytes)au.GIF (127 bytes)6+.GIF (106 bytes)z.GIF (90 bytes)/

path /p.GIF (100 bytes)a0.GIF (118 bytes)q+.GIF (105 bytes)/ paths /p.GIF (100 bytes)a0.GIF (118 bytes)6+.GIF (106 bytes)z.GIF (90 bytes)/

month /m.GIF (107 bytes)v.GIF (86 bytes)n.GIF (96 bytes)q+.GIF (105 bytes)/ months /m.GIF (107 bytes)v.GIF (86 bytes)n.GIF (96 bytes)q+.GIF (105 bytes)s.GIF (92 bytes)/

house是另一特例,其复数为houses /'h.GIF (101 bytes)au.GIF (127 bytes)z.GIF (90 bytes)i1.gif (75 bytes)z.GIF (90 bytes)/

5)以o结尾的名词复数为在词尾加s,因为这些词大多是缩略词;如:

bamboo- bamboos, zoo-zoos

radio-radios, auto-autos,

kilo-kilos photo-photos

piano-pianos

但以下四个名词的复数为在其词尾+es

它们是: Negro-Negroes5 hero-heroes

    tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes

有一容易记忆窍门:Negroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes.

        黑人和英雄吃西红柿和土豆。

(6)复合名词的复数形式视其中心词而定:

     daughter-in –law, daughters-in-law;

     passer-by,          passers-by;

grown-up,           grown-ups;

editor-in-chief,   editors-in-chief

但若为womanman 修饰另一名词时,该复合名词的复数形式应由两者均变为复数来完成。

如:woman-doctor,women-doctors,

    man-teacher,men-teachers


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1 species FTizN     
n.物种,种群
参考例句:
  • Are we the only thinking species in the whole of creation?我们是万物中惟一有思想的物种吗?
  • This species of bird now exists only in Africa.这种鸟现在只存在于非洲。
2 abacuses 8c18eed7a6859f1e50a7a630ed98dd9b     
n.算盘( abacus的名词复数 );(圆柱)顶板
参考例句:
  • Abacuses are so fast and accurate that people still use them today. 算盘如此快和准确以致于现在人们仍在使用它。 来自互联网
3 emphases 21af177df05121e56e34b9bd71bf51e9     
n.重点(emphasis的复数形式);(观点、事实等的)重点( emphasis的名词复数 );(对某个词或短语的)强调;(思想、感情、行动等的)有力;(轮廓、图形等的)鲜明
参考例句:
  • The use of CPLD in the design of radar telemeter emphases. 介绍了CPLD的内部结构及特点,重点阐述了CPLD在雷达测距机中的具体应用。 来自互联网
  • As an English teacher, I usually lay more emphases on grammar. 作为英语老师,我通常把语法作为重点来讲。 来自互联网
4 machinery CAdxb     
n.(总称)机械,机器;机构
参考例句:
  • Has the machinery been put up ready for the broadcast?广播器材安装完毕了吗?
  • Machinery ought to be well maintained all the time.机器应该随时注意维护。
5 Negroes 2897b1a5652916c8011981875e9ab20c     
n.黑种人,黑人( Negro的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • White supremacists devise new Methods: To disenfranchise Negroes. 白人至上论者想出新的方法以剥夺黑人的公民权。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Abraham Lincoln called on his people to fight for freedom for all—Negroes and Whites. 亚伯拉罕·林肯号召他的人民为所有的人——黑人和白人的自由而战斗。 来自《简明英汉词典》