在线英语听力室

美国科学60秒 SSS 2012-11-08

时间：2013-06-20 07:42:48

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（单词翻译）

 Crampfish became famous thanks to the movie Finding Nimo. In real life, their social hierarchy1 is simple, larger fish dominate their smaller counterparts. Now we know that to reinforce the social structure, the fish communicate with aggressive and submissive audio signals. The news [infoes] in the journal PLoS ONE. 

Researchers recorded crampfish calls capturing this noise as one chased a smaller fish. These popping sounds functioned as an () aggression2 signal. When the/a [confish] has been chased and wishes to submit, it [cheek]s its head in a submissive gesture and produces [quicking] noises like these. 
The researchers compared the aggressive and submissive calls and found that the sound posed in a submissive signal were shorter and more high-pitched. Unlike many animals that use sounds to drive/draw in potential mates, crampfish appear to use their calls only as a [lib] of social status. When a little fish makes submissive sounds to a larger one, neither has to invest in a physical confrontation3, which is good news for small [fry], like Nimo.

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1 hierarchy 7d7xN     
n.等级制度；统治集团，领导层
参考例句：
  • There is a rigid hierarchy of power in that country.那个国家有一套严密的权力等级制度。
  • She's high up in the management hierarchy.她在管理阶层中地位很高。
2 aggression WKjyF     
n.进攻，侵略，侵犯，侵害
参考例句：
  • So long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.只要我们紧密地团结，就不必惧怕外来侵略。
  • Her view is that aggression is part of human nature.她认为攻击性是人类本性的一部份。
3 confrontation xYHy7     
n.对抗，对峙，冲突
参考例句：
  • We can't risk another confrontation with the union.我们不能冒再次同工会对抗的危险。
  • After years of confrontation,they finally have achieved a modus vivendi.在对抗很长时间后，他们最后达成安宁生存的非正式协议。

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