英语听力文摘 English Digest 633 无意识行为和心理学

搜索关注在线英语听力室公众号：tingroom，领取免费英语资料大礼包。

　　Social psychologists have long been intrigued² by what they call automatic behavior–the ways people react to stimuli³ without consciously thinking about their actions.

　　All Hot And Bothered

　　In fact, it seems that most people can be unconsciously influenced to behave in certain ways. For example, in one experiment, participants were told to unscramble sentences using words such as “bother”, “disturb”, and “obnoxious.” When they completed the task, these participants were more likely to act rudely than participants who were given words such as “patient” and “appreciate.”

　　But wait, things get even more interesting. After being asked to unscramble sentences using words such as “old, ancient, Florida, and retired,” participants tended to walk more slowly when leaving the experiment, even though slowness was not mentioned.

　　Why?

　　Researchers speculate that words such as “Florida” and “retired” invoke⁴ stereotypes⁶ of the elderly, and these stereotypes also include slowness.

　　This experiment also confirms the power of what is commonly known as self-fulfilling prophecy, the idea that our expectations make us behave (consciously or unconsciously) in a way that makes those expectations come true.

　　When you meet someone who fits into a stereotype⁵, you automatically act toward him or her in a manner consistent with that stereotype. So if you think men in red baseball caps tend to be hostile, when you run into such a man you unconsciously begin to act defensively. That causes the man to react defensively, which then confirms the original stereotype. In short, it’s a vicious cycle, and one that’s not entirely⁷ under our control.

分享到：