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Medieval siege 中世纪攻城战- 12 (end)

时间：2007-01-15 16:00:00

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（单词翻译）

In terms of the kind of dialogue that existed between attack and defense1, it is very clear now to me that the appearance of trebuchet on the scene shifted that balance radically2 in favor of attack.

It gained tremendous respect for the medieval engineers. They were able to build a frightfully powerful and highly accurate, and easily adjustable3 machine.

If you are under siege, you’ve got to try to knock these things out before they are actually built. ‘cause once they are built, you are sunk.

The trebuchet is a big machine who can block the wall, and also a trebuchet must be the wolfwall.

Wallwolf.

Wolfwall?

Wallwolf.

Wallwolf. It’s so difficult. We must change this name. Wallwolf. Haha,hehe.

It’s clear from the experiment that both types of trebuchets work. Because it can so easily be increased in weight, the swinging box design was the improvement that tipped the balance in favor of attack. So the great wall-busting siege engine Edward employed in Sterling4 Castle was almost certainly a trebuchet with a giant swinging counterweight.
A weapon that dominated siege warfare5 for 200 years. It was not until the late 15th century, the end of the Middle Ages, that the superiority of cannon6 clearly emerged. And the trebuchet vanished into the mists of time.

Become a medieval engineer on NOVA’s website. Build your own trebuchet and knock down the castle walls.

To order the Secrets of Lost Empires, 5-video set with a free family activity book, please call WGBH Boston Video at 1-800-255-9424. The family activity book is also available separately for shipping7 and handling only.

An international tale of intrigue8 and suspense9, the race’s on to create a perfect diamond. Can science make a gem10 as good as the real thing? The Diamond Deception11, next time on NOVA.

NOVA is a production of WGBH Boston. Major funding for NOVA is provided by the Park Foundation, dedicated12 to education and quality television.

This program is funded in part by Northwestern Mutual13 Life which has been protecting families and businesses for generations. Have you heard from the quiet company?Northwestern Mutual Life.

Cnet.com help you to find the right technology product.

Additional funding for this program is also provided by the David H. Koch Charitable Foundation. And by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and by contributions to your PBS station from viewers like you. Thank you.

This is PBS.


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1 defense AxbxB     
n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩
参考例句：
  • The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
  • The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
2 radically ITQxu     
ad.根本地，本质地
参考例句：
  • I think we may have to rethink our policies fairly radically. 我认为我们可能要对我们的政策进行根本的反思。
  • The health service must be radically reformed. 公共医疗卫生服务必须进行彻底改革。
3 adjustable vzOzkc     
adj.可调整的，可校准的
参考例句：
  • More expensive cameras have adjustable focusing.比较贵的照相机有可调焦距。
  • The chair has the virtue of being adjustable.这种椅子具有可调节的优点。
4 sterling yG8z6     
adj.英币的(纯粹的，货真价实的)；n.英国货币(英镑)
参考例句：
  • Could you tell me the current rate for sterling, please?能否请您告诉我现行英国货币的兑换率？
  • Sterling has recently been strong,which will help to abate inflationary pressures.英国货币最近非常坚挺，这有助于减轻通胀压力。
5 warfare XhVwZ     
n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突
参考例句：
  • He addressed the audience on the subject of atomic warfare.他向听众演讲有关原子战争的问题。
  • Their struggle consists mainly in peasant guerrilla warfare.他们的斗争主要是农民游击战。
6 cannon 3T8yc     
n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮
参考例句：
  • The soldiers fired the cannon.士兵们开炮。
  • The cannon thundered in the hills.大炮在山间轰鸣。
7 shipping WESyg     
n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）
参考例句：
  • We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
  • There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。
8 intrigue Gaqzy     
vt.激起兴趣，迷住；vi.耍阴谋；n.阴谋，密谋
参考例句：
  • Court officials will intrigue against the royal family.法院官员将密谋反对皇室。
  • The royal palace was filled with intrigue.皇宫中充满了勾心斗角。
9 suspense 9rJw3     
n.（对可能发生的事）紧张感，担心，挂虑
参考例句：
  • The suspense was unbearable.这样提心吊胆的状况实在叫人受不了。
  • The director used ingenious devices to keep the audience in suspense.导演用巧妙手法引起观众的悬念。
10 gem Ug8xy     
n.宝石，珠宝；受爱戴的人 [同]jewel
参考例句：
  • The gem is beyond my pocket.这颗宝石我可买不起。
  • The little gem is worth two thousand dollars.这块小宝石价值两千美元。
11 deception vnWzO     
n.欺骗，欺诈；骗局，诡计
参考例句：
  • He admitted conspiring to obtain property by deception.他承认曾与人合谋骗取财产。
  • He was jailed for two years for fraud and deception.他因为诈骗和欺诈入狱服刑两年。
12 dedicated duHzy2     
adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的
参考例句：
  • He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
  • His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。
13 mutual eFOxC     
adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的
参考例句：
  • We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
  • Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。

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