走进牛津大学 第3期:牛津大学曲折的建校史

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　　牛津大学曲折的建校史

　　The University of Oxford, located in the English city of Oxford, is the oldest surviving university in the English-speaking World,

　　牛津大学是现存的英语世界历史最悠久的大学之一，它位于英国的牛津市。

　　which consists of those counties or regions that use the English language to one degree or another.

　　英语世界包含那些在某种程度上使用英语的国家或地区。

　　Though the exact date of its foundation remains³ uncertain, there exists evidence of teaching there as early as 1096.

　　虽然人们还不确定牛津大学建校的确切日期，但是有证据表明早在1096年牛津就有教学活动了。

　　The Oxford University developed rapidly from 1167，when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.

　　从1167年亨利二世下令禁止英国的学生进入巴黎大学学习开始，牛津大学就迅速地发展起来。

　　Nowadays, it is regarded as one of the word’s leading universities.

　　如今，它已经被公认为是世界名列前茅的大学之一。

　　However, it experienced a tortuous process of growth.

　　但是，牛津大学的发展并不是一帆风顺的。

　　Teaching suspended in 1209 because of the execution of two Oxford scholars by townspeople.

　　1209年，由于牛津市民处死了牛津大学的两位学者，教学被中断了。

　　An Oxford University scholar killed a woman by mistake when he practised shooting, which activated⁴ the contradiction between townsfolk and scholars existing for a long time.

　　牛津大学的一位学者在练习射箭的时候误杀了一名妇女，从而激化了牛津市民与学者之间早已存在的矛盾。

　　As a result，two Oxford scholars were convicted of manslaugh-ters of the woman and were hanged in public.

　　结果，两名学者被定罪为是杀死那个妇女的谋杀犯，并且被当众吊死。

　　In protest at the hanging, the Oxford went into suspension, with the scholars left Oxford one after another for a number of other locations.

　　为了表示抗议，学校停课，学者们纷纷远离这个是非之地，去寻找新的乐土。

　　These exiled Oxford scholars arrived at Cambridge, and stayed on the River Cam.

　　有些学者来到剑桥，在剑河边安顿下来，

　　Therefore, came into being Cambridge, another well known university in Britain.

　　英国另一座知名大学——剑桥大学也因此诞生了。

　　The scholars were not invited back to Oxford until 1214.

　　直到1214年，学者们才被邀请回到牛津。

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