走进牛津大学 第5期:金雀花王朝

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　　金雀花王朝，在法国又名安茹王朝，是一个源于法国安茹的王族。

　　They have ever ruled Duchy of Normandy between 1144 and 1204，as well as 1415 and 1450, Kingdom of England between 1154 and 1458，and Duchy of Aquitaine between 1153 and 1453.

　　他们曾统治过诺曼底公国（1144-1204)、英格兰王圓1154-1458 )和阿基坦公国（1153-1453 )。

　　During this period, the new-born Oxford¹ University grew gradually into a well known academic centre.

　　刚刚崭露头角的牛津大学就是在这样的时代中一步步成长的，它最终成为了一个著名的学术中心。

　　Following the foundation of colleges, worldwide scholars went to Oxford one after another.

　　随着学院一个接一个地成立，世界各地的学者也纷至沓来。

　　In total, 12 colleges were built up during this period, including two considered as colleges later.

　　牛津大学总共有12个学院是在这个期间建成的，包括两个后来才被承认的学院。

　　In the 13th century, many masters created halls of residence to protect scholars from local hostility².

　　在13世纪，许多大师建起了宿舍，防止学者们被当地人伤害。

　　Afterwards, university colleges were built up to instead of the halls of residence.

　　后来，大学学院建立并取代了宿舍。

　　Colleges were usually founded by rich churchman who had no offspring to leave their wealth.

　　学院通常是由富有的牧师们出资建立的，他们没有后代来继承财产。

　　Thanks to their endowment, colleges flourished.

　　多亏了他们的捐赠，学院如雨后春等般涌现。

　　The first three colleges to be established were University College in 1249，Balliol College in 1263，and Merton College in 1264.

　　最早成立的三个学 院是1249年建成的大学学院，1263年建成的贝利奥尔学院，以及1264年成立的默顿学院。

　　University College, on the south side of the High Street, was built by William, who probably came from Sedgefleld,

　　位于高街南边的大学学院是由威廉建立的，他可能来自达拉漠郡的塞奇菲尔德，

　　County Durham and was educated at Wearmouth monastery³ in Paris.

　　并在巴黎的威尔茅斯修道院接受过教育。

　　When died in 1249，he left a large amount of money in his will to be invested in supporting scholars in Oxford,

　　在1249年去世后，威廉留下了一大笔遗产，他留下遗愿要把这些钱投给牛津大学用来资助学者，

　　which resulted in the foundation of University College.

　　这最终成就了大学学院。

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