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万物简史 第17期:如何营造一个宇宙(9)

时间：2016-03-11 02:48:58

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 　　The eventual1 result was the inflation theory, which holds that a fraction of a moment after the dawn of creation, the universe underwent a sudden dramatic expansion. It inflated—in effect ran away with itself, doubling in size every 10-34seconds. The whole episode may have lasted no more than 10-30seconds—that's one million million million million millionths of a second—but it changed the universe from something you could hold in your hand to something at least 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 times bigger. Inflation theory explains the ripples2 and eddies3 that make our universe possible. Without it, there would be no clumps4 of matter and thus no stars, just drifting gas and everlasting5 darkness.

　　最后，他提出了膨胀理论。该理论认为，在爆炸后的刹那间，宇宙突然经历了戏剧性的扩大。它不停地膨胀--实际上是带着自身逃跑，每10^－34秒它的大小就翻一番。整个过程也许只持续了不到10^－30秒--也就是一百万亿亿亿分之一秒--但是，宇宙从手都拿得住的东西变成了至少10亿亿亿倍大的东西。膨胀理论解释了使我们的宇宙成为可能的脉动和旋转。要是没有这种脉动和旋转的话，就不会有物质团块，因此也就没有星星，而只有飘浮的气体和永恒的黑暗。
　　According to Guth's theory, at one ten-millionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second, gravity emerged. After another ludicrously brief interval6 it was joined by electromagnetism and the strong and weak nuclear forces—the stuff of physics. These were joined an instant later by swarms7 of elementary particles—the stuff of stuff. From nothing at all, suddenly there were swarms of photons, protons, electrons, neutrons8, and much else—between 1079and 1089of each, according to the standard Big Bang theory.
　　根据古思的理论，在一千亿亿亿亿亿分之一秒之内产生了引力。又过了极其短暂的时刻，又产生了电磁以及强核力和弱核力--物理学的材料。之后，又很快出现了大批基本粒子--材料的材料。从无到有，突然有了大批光子、质子、电子、中子和许多别的东西--根据标准的大爆炸理论，每种达10^79-1089个之多。
　　Such quantities are of course ungraspable. It is enough to know that in a single cracking instant we were endowed with a universe that was vast—at least a hundred billion light-years across, according to the theory, but possibly any size up to infinite—and perfectly9 arrayed for the creation of stars, galaxies10, and other complex systems.
　　这么大的数量当然是难以理解的。我们只要知道，刹那间，我们有了一个巨大的宇宙，这就够了--根据该理论，这个宇宙是如此之大，直径至少有1000亿光年，但有可能是从任何大小直至无穷大--安排得非常完美，为恒星、星系和其他复杂体系的创建准备了条件。
 

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1 eventual AnLx8     
adj.最后的，结局的，最终的
参考例句：
  • Several schools face eventual closure.几所学校面临最终关闭。
  • Both parties expressed optimism about an eventual solution.双方对问题的最终解决都表示乐观。
2 ripples 10e54c54305aebf3deca20a1472f4b96     
逐渐扩散的感觉( ripple的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • The moon danced on the ripples. 月亮在涟漪上舞动。
  • The sea leaves ripples on the sand. 海水在沙滩上留下了波痕。
3 eddies c13d72eca064678c6857ec6b08bb6a3c     
（水、烟等的）漩涡，涡流( eddy的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • Viscosity overwhelms the smallest eddies and converts their energy into heat. 粘性制服了最小的旋涡而将其能量转换为热。
  • But their work appears to merge in the study of large eddies. 但在大旋涡的研究上，他们的工作看来却殊途同归。
4 clumps a9a186997b6161c6394b07405cf2f2aa     
n.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的名词复数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声v.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的第三人称单数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声
参考例句：
  • These plants quickly form dense clumps. 这些植物很快形成了浓密的树丛。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The bulbs were over. All that remained of them were clumps of brown leaves. 这些鳞茎死了，剩下的只是一丛丛的黃叶子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
5 everlasting Insx7     
adj.永恒的，持久的，无止境的
参考例句：
  • These tyres are advertised as being everlasting.广告上说轮胎持久耐用。
  • He believes in everlasting life after death.他相信死后有不朽的生命。
6 interval 85kxY     
n.间隔，间距；幕间休息，中场休息
参考例句：
  • The interval between the two trees measures 40 feet.这两棵树的间隔是40英尺。
  • There was a long interval before he anwsered the telephone.隔了好久他才回了电话。
7 swarms 73349eba464af74f8ce6c65b07a6114c     
蜂群，一大群( swarm的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • They came to town in swarms. 他们蜂拥来到城里。
  • On June the first there were swarms of children playing in the park. 6月1日那一天，这个公园里有一群群的孩子玩耍。
8 neutrons 8247a394cf7f4566ae93232e91c291b9     
n.中子( neutron的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • The neutrons and protons form the core of the atom. 中子和质子构成了原子核。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • When an atom of U235 is split,several neutrons are set free. 一个铀235原子分裂时，释放出几个中子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
9 perfectly 8Mzxb     
adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地
参考例句：
  • The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
  • Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。
10 galaxies fa8833b92b82bcb88ee3b3d7644caf77     
星系( galaxy的名词复数 )； 银河系； 一群（杰出或著名的人物）
参考例句：
  • Quasars are the highly energetic cores of distant galaxies. 类星体是遥远星系的极为活跃的核心体。
  • We still don't know how many galaxies there are in the universe. 我们还不知道宇宙中有多少个星系。

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