在线英语听力室

非谓语动词讲解-分词的用法

时间:2016-03-28 23:59:27

(单词翻译:单击)

 非谓语的表达方式较多,也是学生们容易觉得困难的知识点,所以在口语课上我一般会分成几次去讲解和练习。

  这次主要讲的是分词的非谓语用法:
  首先,分词分为现在分词和过去分词。
  现在分词有一般式和完成式。一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为;完成式(having十过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
  例如:
  Being a student,he was interested in books.
  Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well.
  然而,现在分词有一般式和完成式,且有主动语态和被动语态,当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时,分词用被动语态,如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作,就用分词完成式的被动形式。
  例如:
  The question being discussed is important:
  Having been criticized1 by the teacher,Li Ming gave up smoking2.
  过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作,本身有被动的含义,所以只有一般式没有完成式。
  接下来讲讲分词的用法:
  第一,分词短语做定语时,放在被修饰的名词之后;单个分词做定语时,放在被修饰的名词之前。
  例如:
  The man standing3 by the window is our teacher.
  The excited people rushed into the building.
  第二,分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。例如:
  Being a student, I must study hard.(原因)
  While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.(时间)
  The teacher stood there surrounded by the students.(方式)
  第三,作表语。
  例如:
  The news is inspiring.
  The glass is broken.
  第四,作宾语补足语。
  例如:
  We saw the teacher making the experiment.

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1 criticized cd090bd19b91ceda44ac52b6b996b535     
vt.批评(criticize的过去式)v.评论,批评( criticize的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The decision was criticized by environmental groups. 这个决定受到了环保团体的批评。
  • The movie has been criticized for apparently legitimizing violence. 这部电影因明显地美化暴力而受到了指责。
2 smoking NilzKh     
n.吸烟,抽烟;冒烟
参考例句:
  • He was wise to give up smoking.他戒烟是明智的。
  • He has decided to cut out smoking and drinking.他已决心戒烟、戒酒。
3 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。