语法精讲：who, whom, whose, that引导的先行词指人的定语从句

　　一、定语从句用who或that做引导词，在从句中做主语。

　　请分析下面两个简单句：句①The boy is called Jack².句②He broke³ the window.

　　把句②变为句①的定语从句，句①中的the boy做定语从句的先行词。在句②中he指句①中提到的the boy也就是定语从句的先行词，he在句中做主语，因此要用who和that引导定语从句，代替句②中的he，也就是说he就不能出现在定语从句中了。由此得到句③The boy who broke the window is called Jack.

　　注意：一般情况下定语从句要紧挨先行词。

　　请把下面每组的两句话合并为一句。

　　The person⁴ must pay⁵ for it./He lost the library book.

　　→The person who lost the library book must pay for it.

　　The boy is very clever./He is wearing the black jacket.

　　→The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

　　二、定语从句用who，whom或that做引导词，在从句中做宾语。因为是做宾语，所以这些引导词可以省略。

　　请分析下面两个简单句：句①Do you know the young man?句②We met him at the gate.

　　把句②变为句①的定语从句，句①中的the young man做定语从句的先行词。在句②中him指句①中提到的the young man也就是定语从句的先行词，him在句中做宾语，因此要用whom，that或who引导定语从句，代替句②中的him，也就是说him就不能出现在定语从句中了。由此得到句③Do you know the young man who/that/whom we met at the gate?(who/that/whom可以省略，句子可以写作：Do you know the young man we met at the gate?)

　　请把下面每组的两句话合并为一句。

　　Mr.Lee has come./You want to see him.

　　→Mr.Lee who/whom/that you want to see has come.

　　This is the girl.

　　He worked with her in the office./→This is the girl whom/that/who he worked with in the office.

　　三、定语从句用whose做引导词，在从句中作定语表示“某些人的…”。

　　请分析下面两个简单句：句①The girl is staying at home today.句②Her mother is ill.

　　把句②变为句①的定语从句，句①中的the girl做定语从句的先行词。在句②中her指句①中提到的the girl也就是定语从句的先行词，her在句中做定语，因此要用whose引导定语从句，代替句②中的her，也就是说her就不能出现在定语从句中了。由此得到句③The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

　　请把下面每组的两句话合并为一句。

　　The boy is called LiLei./His parents were dead⁶ in the flood⁷.

　　→The boy whose parents were dead is called LiLei

　　Mr.Wang is the policeman./His house caught fire last Sunday.

　　→Mr.Wang is the policeman whose house caught fire last Sunday.

　　巩固练习：

　　一、用定语从句把下面两句话合并为一句。

　　1.Let's ask the man .He is reading⁸ the book over there.

　　2.The girl is Peter's sister.We saw⁹ her yesterday.

　　3.This is Uncle Li.He mended¹⁰ computers for us.

　　4.I know the young man.You mean him.

　　5.I know the boy.His father is a scientist¹¹.

　　二、单项选择

　　1.Have you seen¹² the man _____ car was¹³ stolen¹⁴ just now?

　　A.its B.it's C.whose D.which

　　2.On the bus I saw a student ____ I thought¹⁵ was your brother.

　　A.who B.whom C.which D.whoever¹⁶

　　3.The foreigner¹⁷ ___ visited our school yesterday is from Canada.

　　A.that B.which C.whom D./

　　4.Here is the man ____ you are looking for.

　　A.which B.whom C.what D.where

　　答案：

　　一、

　　1.Let's ask the man who/that is reading the book over there.

　　2.The girl that/whom/who we saw yesterday is Peter's sister.

　　3.This is UncleLi who/that mended computers for us.

　　4.I know the young man whom/that/who you mean.

　　5.I know the boy whose father is a scientist.

　　二、1-4 C A A B

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