走进剑桥大学 第15期:湖畔诗人华玆华斯

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湖畔诗人华玆华斯[qh]Wordsworth was one of the most influential¹ of England's Romantic poets.

华兹华斯是最有影响力的英格兰浪漫主义诗人之一。

William Wordsworth was bom on 7 April 1770 at Cockermouth in Cumbria. His father was a lawyer. Both Wordsworth’s parents died before he was 15，and he and his four siblings² were left in the care of different relatives. As a young man, Wordsworth developed a love of nature, a theme reflected in many of his poems.

威廉华兹华斯在1770年4月7日出生于昆布兰郡科克茅斯。他的父亲是一名律师。他15岁之前父母就双亡了，他和四兄弟姐妹由不同的亲戚抚养成人。年轻的华兹华斯对自然产生了一种爱，这是他许多诗歌中所反映的主题。

While studying at Cambridge University, Wordsworth spent a summer holiday on a walking tour in Switzerland and France, He became an enthusiast³ for the ideals of the French Revolution.

还在剑挢大学读书时，华兹华斯就用一个暑假徒步到瑞士和法国旅行。他成为了法国大革命的狂热支持者。

In 1795, Wordsworth received a legacy⁴ from a relative and he and his sister Dorothy went to live in Dorset. Two years later they moved again, this time to Somerset, to live near the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who was an admirer of Wordsworth’s work. They collaborated⁵ on Lyrical Ballads，published in 1798. This collection of poems, mostly by Wordsworth but with Coleridge contributing The Rime⁶ of the Ancient Mariner⁷, is generally taken to mark the beginning of the Romantic Movement in English poetry. The poems were greeted with hostility⁸ by most critics at that time.

1795年，华兹华斯从他一个亲威那里继承了一笔遗产，随后他和妹妹多萝西搬去多寒特郡居住。两年之后他们又搬家，这次是搬到萨默塞特郡，诗人塞缪尔泰勒柯勒律治就住在附近。柯勒律治非常欣赏华兹华斯的作品。他们俩合作完成了《抒情歌谣集》，并在1798年出版。这本诗集里的诗绝大部分是由华兹华斯所作，而柯勒律治只写了《古舟子咏》。这本诗集被普遍认为是英国诗歌浪漫主义运动的开端。但当时大部分评论家对这些诗歌持否定态度。

In 1799，after a visit to Germany with Coleridge, Wordsworth and Dorothy settled at Dove Cottage in Grasmere in the Lake District. Coleridge lived nearby with his family. Wordsworth's most famous poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud was written at Dove Cottage in 1804.

1799年，在和柯勒律治游历了德国之后，华兹华斯和多萝西定居在格拉斯米尔湖区的鸽舍。柯勒律治则住在他家附近。华兹华斯最有名的诗 《我好似一朵流云独自漫游》就是在1804年作于鸽舍的。

In 1802, Wordsworth married a childhood friend, Mary Hutchinson. The next few years were personally difficult for Wordsworth, Two of his children died, his brother was drowned at sea and Dorothy suffered a mental breakdown⁹. His political views underwent a transformation¹⁰ around the turn of the century, and he became increasingly conservative, disillusioned¹¹ by events in France culminating in Napoleoti Bonaparte taking power.

1802年，华兹华斯和儿时的玩伴玛丽郝金生结婚。但华兹斯在接下来的几年里备受煎熬，他的两个孩子不幸夭折，他的兄弟溺水而亡，妹妹多萝西精神崩溃。大约在世纪之交，华兹华斯的政治观念发生了转变，他变得越来越保守。法国发生的事情使他的政治幻想破灭，尤其是拿破仑波拿巴的掌权使他失望透顶。

In 1813, Wordsworth moved from Grasmere to nearby Ambelside. He continued to write poetry, but it was never as great as his early works. In 1843，words worth became poet Laureate, Wordsworth died on 23 April 1850 and was buried in Grasmere churchyard. His great autobiographical poem, The Prelude¹², which he had worked on since 1798, was published after his death.

1813年，华兹华斯从格拉斯米尔搬到了附近的安布尔赛德。他继续写诗，但所取得的成就不如他早期的创作。1843年华兹华斯荣获“桂冠诗人”称号。华兹华斯于1850年4月23日辞世，葬于格拉斯米尔墓。他伟大的自传体诗《序言》写于1798年，他去世后才得以发表。

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