【跟着英剧练发音】A History Of Britain - 17A

（单词翻译）

 Edward, who needed no tutorials on the connections between ceremonies and power, immediately took this as a slap in the face, an act of virtual rebellion. In 1276, a huge army, the biggest seen in Britain since the Norman Conquest, invaded Gwynedd, penetrating¹ right to its furthest corners, to Snowdonia and to Anglesey. Faced with this invasion, Llewellyn was forced to surrender. But, as so often in these years, humiliation² bred defiance³. In 1282, the Welsh launched a surprise attack on an English garrison⁴. Edward now bore down again with an even bigger army, but this campaign was far from being a walkover.