走进耶鲁大学 第33期:学院奖

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学院奖

The ceremony of Academy Awards (frequently well known as the Oscars)，which is considerate to be one of the most prominent award ceremonies in the world, is presented annually¹ by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. The award aims to recognize excellence² professionals in the film industry, including directors, actors, writers, etc. The first awards were presented in Hollywood's Roosevelt Hotel on May 16，1929, with an audience of about 26 people.

学院奖（也就是大家所熟知的奥斯卡金像奖）颁奖典礼. 这个被公认为是当今世界上最重要的颁奖典礼之一的奖项，每年由电影艺术与科学学院颁发。此奖项目的在于表彰电影行业的优秀工作者，其中包括导演、演员和编剧等。第一届奥斯卡金像奖于1929年5月16日在好莱坞的罗斯福酒店颁发，当时在场观众大约有26人。

At the very beginning, the award was given to a professional for all his performance in a certain category. Just like Emil Jannings, the first Academy Award winner in history received the prize for his outstanding performance in two films，The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. But the system has changed since the fourth ceremony; the professionals were awarded for a specific performance in a single film.

最初，此奖项会颁发给某位在某一特定范围内表现出色的演员。例如埃米尔·杰宁斯因其在《最后的命令》和《众生之路》两部电影中的不俗表现成为了第一届奥斯卡最佳演员获得者。但是从第四届颁奖典礼开始，整个体系发生了改变;组织者仅仅依据演员在某一部影片中的表现来判断他/她有无资格获奖。

At the ceremony, the winner will be presented a gold-plated statuette which is 13.5 inches 5 in height and 3.9 kilos in weight. The statuette depicts³ a naked man holding a crusader sword stands on a reel of film with five spokes⁴ which represent the important branches of the Academy: Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers and Technicians. In the early time, the statues were made of bronze, and during the World War II，due to the shortage of metals, the plaster was used to replace the bronze to make the statuettes. After the war, those plaster statuettes were redeemed⁵ for the gold-plated ones. Since 1950, it has been required that neither winners nor their heirs may have the right to sell the statuettes without first offering to sell them back to the Academy.

在颁奖典礼上，获奖者将获得一个镀金的金像奖座，雕像高13.5英寸，重3.9千克。 雕像外形为一个手持十字军战士长剑的裸体男子，站在一个五环片盘上，每个片盘代表影艺学院的一个重要工作部门：演员、编剧、导演、制片及技术人员。奥斯卡奖颁发伊始，雕像由青铜制成，但是在二战期间，由于金属匮乏，由石膏代替青铜来铸造雕像。战后，这些石膏雕像均被收回，而代之以镀金雕像。方明文规定金像奖获得者及其后人均无权利擅自出售奖杯，只能将奖杯有偿转让给学院。

The awards are presented at a live televised ceremony, most commonly in February or March and six weeks after the announcement of the nominees⁶. Generally speaking, the film awards season would begin in November or December of the previous year and the coming of Academy Awards is doubtlessly the culmination⁷. At the grand ceremony, the invited guests dressed in creations of the most prominent fashion designers of the day walk up the red carpet. Usually, black tie dress is more common than any other outfit⁸ for men and women, who are gorgeously dressed and richly ornamented，will not hesitate to seize the opportunity to show off their slender figures.

奥斯卡颁奖典礼会通过电视直播， 通常在每年的二月份或三月份举行，即在各项获奖提名宣布的6周之后。一般而言，是在上一年的11月份或12月份便会掀起电影奖的热潮，而奥斯卡颁奖典礼的到来无疑会将这种热潮推向顶峰。在这盛大的颁奖典 礼上，受邀请嘉宾将身着时下顶级服装设计师的得意之作走向红地毯。通常，配有黑领带的西服是男士的最佳选择，而身着华丽服饰、大放异彩的女士们更会毫不犹豫地借此机会大秀傲人身姿。

Every year, the televised ceremony of The Academy Awards wins countless⁹ viewers throughout the world besides those in the United States, Canada, or the United Kingdom. It is reported that the 2007 ceremony was watched by more than 40 million Americans.

每年，通过电视直播的奥斯卡颁奖典礼都会吸引无数除美国、加拿大、英国之外的世界上其他国家观众。据报道，有超过四千万名美国观众收看了2007年的奥斯卡颁奖典礼。

So far, the actress who gets the most nominations¹⁰ in Oscar history is Meryl Streep. She was nominated for the actress in a leading role for 13 times and the actress in a supporting role for 3 times. While the actress who won the Academy Awards most is Katharine Hepburn, she was the winner of Best Actress in a Leading Role for 4 times (they were 6th, 40th, 41st, 54th Academy Award respectively), which made her a symbol in American film and drama industry and a legend in Hollywood. No one has surpassed her in winning the award.

到目前为止，在奥斯卡历史上被提名次数最多的女演员当数梅丽尔·斯特里普， 她曾经13次被提名为最佳女主角，3次被提名为最佳女配角。而获奖次数最多的女演员是凯瑟琳·赫本，她曾经4次获得奥斯卡最佳女主角奖。它们分别是第六届、第四十届、第四十一届和第五十四届奥斯卡金像奖。并因此成为美国电影和戏剧史上的标志性人物，也成为好莱坞的一个传奇。她的成就令其他演员难以望其项背。

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