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科学美国人60秒 SSS 2016-8-01

时间:2016-08-16 08:16:34

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(单词翻译)

疲劳驾驶每年导致6400名美国人死亡

“It's particularly concerning that 56 million Americans a month admit that they drive when they haven't gotten enough sleep and they are exhausted1.”Charles Czeisler. He’s the director of the Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School.

需要特别指出的是,每月有5600万美国人承认他们在开车时没有得到足够的睡眠并且疲惫不堪。”Charles Czeisler说道。他是哈佛医学院睡眠医学部门的主任。

“Eight million of them lose the struggle to stay awake and actually admit to falling asleep at the wheel every month—causing more than a million crashes every year, 50,000 debilitating2 injuries…and 6,400 deaths.”

他们中的八百万人在开车时都不能够保持清醒,实际上他们承认每个月他们都在驾车时打瞌睡——造成每年发生超过100万次碰撞,导致50,000人虚弱受伤,6,400人死亡。

He spoke3 at a recent Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Forum4 called Asleep at the Wheel: Drowsy5 Driving and Public Health.

他在哈佛公共卫生学院的论坛上发言,命名为睡在方向盘上:疲劳驾驶和公共卫生。

“And we just finally got a consensus6 group, the first consensus panel of experts, to agree that if an individual has had less than two hours of sleep in the previous 24 hours that that's the equivalent of being negligent7 and should be added to the statutes8. It's just like drunk driving.

并且最终我们达成共识,第一个共识专家小组同意如果在过去的二十四个小时中,一个人睡眠少于两小时,这相当于过失,应该添加到条例中,就像酒驾。

“So there are three groups that are particularly vulnerable. Young people think that because they're young, they're fit—they can do anything—that they would be the most resilient in the face of sleep deprivation9. But actually young people are the most vulnerable…there's actually a biological reason…so as we get older we lose cells in the sleep switch in the brain, in the hypothalamus, that help us make the transition from wakefulness to sleep…when we keep an 18-year-old awake all night and compare that to keeping a 70-year-old awake all night, the 18-year-old will have 10 times as many involuntary lapses10 of attention than the older person. So young people are more vulnerable, not less, to the effects of sleep deprivation.

有三组群体是特别脆弱的,年轻人认为他们年轻,他们很健康,可以做任何事情,在应对睡眠不足方面,他们最有“弹性”。但实际上年轻人是最脆弱的。这是有生物依据的。当我们变老,我们大脑中下丘脑的睡眠切换细胞丧失,这些细胞可以帮助我们完成睡眠上的切换,从清醒状态转入睡眠状态。当我们让一位18岁的年轻人彻夜不眠,与让一位70岁的老人彻夜不眠相比,其不自主性的意识丧失是70岁老人的10倍。因此年轻人更加脆弱,失眠对年轻人的影响更加严重。

“The second group that is particularly vulnerable are night shift workers…and the third group that is particularly vulnerable are people with sleep disorders11, particularly sleep apnea. One out of three men and one out of six women have sleep apnea. And yet, 85 percent are undiagnosed and untreated. And it more than doubles the risk of crashes.”

第二组特别脆弱的群体是夜班工人。第三组是睡眠障碍患者,尤其是睡眠呼吸暂停综合症患者。有三分之一的男性和六分之一的女性患有睡眠呼吸暂停综合症。然而,85%的人们没有得到诊断和治疗,并且这会导致发生碰撞危险的概率增加一倍以上。

The entire hour-long forum featuring Czeisler and other researchers discussing drowsy driving is archived on line. Just google “Harvard public health forum”.

整个长达一小时的论坛活动,以Czeisler和其他研究人员们在网上讨论疲劳驾驶被存档为焦点。只需要用google搜索“哈佛大学公共健康论坛”。


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1 exhausted 7taz4r     
adj.极其疲惫的,精疲力尽的
参考例句:
  • It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长,到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
  • Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。
2 debilitating RvIzXw     
a.使衰弱的
参考例句:
  • The debilitating disease made him too weak to work. 这个令他衰弱的病,使他弱到没有办法工作。
  • You may soon leave one debilitating condition or relationship forever. 你即将永远地和这段霉运说拜拜了。
3 spoke XryyC     
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
参考例句:
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
4 forum cilx0     
n.论坛,讨论会
参考例句:
  • They're holding a forum on new ways of teaching history.他们正在举行历史教学讨论会。
  • The organisation would provide a forum where problems could be discussed.这个组织将提供一个可以讨论问题的平台。
5 drowsy DkYz3     
adj.昏昏欲睡的,令人发困的
参考例句:
  • Exhaust fumes made him drowsy and brought on a headache.废气把他熏得昏昏沉沉,还引起了头疼。
  • I feel drowsy after lunch every day.每天午饭后我就想睡觉。
6 consensus epMzA     
n.(意见等的)一致,一致同意,共识
参考例句:
  • Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗?
  • What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么?
7 negligent hjdyJ     
adj.疏忽的;玩忽的;粗心大意的
参考例句:
  • The committee heard that he had been negligent in his duty.委员会听说他玩忽职守。
  • If the government is proved negligent,compensation will be payable.如果证明是政府的疏忽,就应支付赔偿。
8 statutes 2e67695e587bd14afa1655b870b4c16e     
成文法( statute的名词复数 ); 法令; 法规; 章程
参考例句:
  • The numerous existing statutes are complicated and poorly coordinated. 目前繁多的法令既十分复杂又缺乏快调。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
  • Each agency is also restricted by the particular statutes governing its activities. 各个机构的行为也受具体法令限制。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
9 deprivation e9Uy7     
n.匮乏;丧失;夺去,贫困
参考例句:
  • Many studies make it clear that sleep deprivation is dangerous.多实验都证实了睡眠被剥夺是危险的。
  • Missing the holiday was a great deprivation.错过假日是极大的损失。
10 lapses 43ecf1ab71734d38301e2287a6e458dc     
n.失误,过失( lapse的名词复数 );小毛病;行为失检;偏离正道v.退步( lapse的第三人称单数 );陷入;倒退;丧失
参考例句:
  • He sometimes lapses from good behavior. 他有时行为失检。 来自辞典例句
  • He could forgive attacks of nerves, panic, bad unexplainable actions, all sorts of lapses. 他可以宽恕突然发作的歇斯底里,惊慌失措,恶劣的莫名其妙的动作,各种各样的失误。 来自辞典例句
11 disorders 6e49dcafe3638183c823d3aa5b12b010     
n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 );凌乱;骚乱;(身心、机能)失调
参考例句:
  • Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告,厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

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