历届美国总统简介：安德鲁·约翰逊

（单词翻译）

安德鲁·约翰逊(Andrew Johnson)是美国第17任总统。幼时家境贫寒，当过徒工，后来做过裁缝。1857年，他脱离民主党而加入共和党，并当选为国会参议员，是南北战争时期参议院里受到北方欢迎和林肯总统信任的唯一的南方人。 1864年大选时当选为副总统。在亚伯拉罕·林肯遇刺身亡后，继任为美国第17任总统。由于在南方重建上采取妥协立场（他曾两次担任田纳西州州长)，与国会的共和党议员意见不合，使他成为美国历史上首位被提出弹劾议案的总统（1868年）。最终在参议院以一票之微避过罢免的命运。尽管如此，他任期内依然有一定政绩，其中包括《美国宪法》第14条修正案的通过和购买阿拉斯加。

Andrew Johnson was the 17th President of the United States. He came to power following the assassination¹ of Abraham Lincoln. Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1808 and grew up in poverty. He was apprenticed² to a tailor as a boy, but ran away and opened a tailor shop in Tennessee. At the age of 18 he married Eliza McCardle, who taught him how to improve his reading and writing skills.

Johnson participated in debates in Tennessee and organized a workers’ party. He was elected mayor in 1833 and sat in the Tennessee House of Representatives two years later. He served five terms before becoming Governor of Tennessee in 1853. Johnson then served in the United States Senate between 1857 and 1862. His political rise was almost complete when he became Vice³ President in 1865.

With the Assassination of Lincoln in April 1865, the Presidency⁴ fell upon Johnson. As President, he proceeded to reconstruct the former southern Confederate States. By the time Congress met in December 1865, most southern states were reconstructed and slavery was being abolished. However, "black codes" to control the freed men were beginning to appear, which caused divisions in his party.

In March 1867, laws were passed placing restrictions⁵ upon the President. When Johnson allegedly violated one of these, the House tried to impeach⁶ him. He was tried by the Senate in the spring of 1868 and acquitted⁷ by one vote. Johnson purchased Alaska from the Russian Empire in 1867. He left office in 1869. In 1875, Tennessee returned Johnson to the Senate and he died months later, aged⁸ 66.