美国国家公共电台 NPR America's Real Mountain Of Cheese Is On Our Plates

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America's Real Mountain Of Cheese Is On Our Plates

RENEE MONTAGNE, HOST:

Apparently¹, there's too much cheese in this country. The U.S. Department of Agriculture announced this week that it would buy $20 million worth of the stuff, cheddar mostly, and give it away to food banks. The USDA is doing this, it says, to help, quote, "reduce a cheese surplus that is at a 30-year high."

Dairy farmers are happy at this news. That enormous glut² of cheese has been driving down the price they get for their milk. Dan Charles is here to talk about all of this with us. He's NPR's food and agriculture correspondent. Good morning.

DAN CHARLES, BYLINE³: Hi, Renee.

MONTAGNE: Why do we have so much cheese?

CHARLES: So here is what happened - two years ago, there was actually a shortage of milk and cheese. China was buying up enormous quantities of milk powder, driving up the price, so dairy farmers were doing great. They were making lots of money. They said OK, let's make more money. Let's buy more cows, produce more milk, more cheese.

And then everything went wrong. China all of a sudden decided⁴ we don't need so much milk powder. They stopped buying. Russia put a ban on cheese from Western Europe, so there was all this cheese in Europe looking for a buyer. And meanwhile, there was a policy change in Europe. They had had quotas⁵ on milk production, which limited it. They took those quotas off. Dairy farmers started making more milk.

The result was last year, all of a sudden, there was way too much milk, too few buyers, a mountain of cheese building up, milk prices are in the tank and dairy farmers are money.

MONTAGNE: You know, it's somewhat amazing that a dairy farmer in New York or California depends so much on global events.

CHARLES: Yeah. We think of milk as this local product that the cows produce and we go to the store and pick up. But really only a quarter of the milk that's produced in this country gets sold as fluid milk that people drink. Milk is like crude oil. It goes into processing plants - you know, refineries⁶, you would say - and it gets turned into products that you can trade around the world, like cheese, milk powder, also the byproducts of cheese production - these powdered protein products from the whey. This is a global market. And just like, you know, oil, the prices boom and bust⁷ depending on global events.

MONTAGNE: You say, though, that there are mountains of cheese in storage. And I'm - I'm just envisioning that. Truly, Dan, mountains of cheese?

CHARLES: 1.3 billion pounds, Renee.

MONTAGNE: Well, that's a mountain. And what kinds of cheese?

CHARLES: Mostly cheddar and mozzarella. Those are, by far, the most popular kinds of cheese in America.

MONTAGNE: OK, so the USDA is stepping in, says it will buy $20 million worth of cheese. Will that make much of a difference?

CHARLES: No (laughter) $20 million doesn't buy what it used to, Renee. No, it's not so much money compared to the amount of cheese on the market. It will not make much of a difference. This is really just a symbolic⁸ effort to help milk farmers. But it's more than symbolic for the food banks. Twenty million dollars' worth of cheese is significant for them, and they are happy to be getting it.

MONTAGNE: Dan Charles is NPR's food and agriculture correspondent. Thanks for joining us.

CHARLES: Thank you, Renee.