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延续性与非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用

时间:2016-11-18 04:23:43

(单词翻译:单击)

   (1)有一些动词是瞬间动词,也叫非延续性动词,这些动词一发生就结束了,常见的有:come, go, arrive, reach2, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die3, borrow4, get up, become, open, stop等。这些动词虽然可以用于现在完成时(说明某个动作的结果还存在),但由于它们不能延续,因此不能跟表示一段的时间状语连用。(也即现在完成时的第二个基本用法中不能使用非延续性动词)。

  e1.g. Jim has come back. (正) 吉姆已经回来了。
  Jim has come back for a month. (误) come back的动作不能延续一个月,因此错误。
  (2)瞬间动词不可以用于有段时间的现在完成时态中,因此,若要解决这一问题,就应把它改为相应的延续性动词或短语,主要有以下几种:
  ①用相应的延续性动词
  如: buy → have borrow → keep come/go/become → be put on → wear catch a cold → have a cold ②转换成be+名词
  如: join → be a member of go to school → be a student ③转换成be+形容词或副词
  如: die → be dead5 leave → be away begin → be on finish → be over fall asleep6 — be asleep open → be open get up → be up close → closed7 ④转换成be+介词短语
  如: come to/go to/arrive in (at)/get to/reach …→ be in/at… join the army8 → be in the army(军队)
  e.g. I have borrowed9 the book. 我已经借了那本书。
  I have kept the book for two days. 我已经借那本书两天了。
  Jim has joined the band10. 吉姆已经加入那乐队了。
  Jim has been a member of the band for a month. 吉姆已经加入那个乐队一个月了。
  His grandfather has died11. 他祖父已经死了。
  His grandfather has been dead for 2 years. 他祖父已经死了两年了。
  My father has arrived in China. 我父亲已经到达中国了。
  My father has been in China for a week. 我父亲已经在中国一个星期了。
  (3)在否定句中,非延续性动词也可以与时间段连用。
  e.g. I haven’t borrowed books from the library since12 last year. 自去年以来我就没有在图书馆借过书。
  Jim hasn’t come back for a year. 吉姆已有一年没回来了。

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1 e e1671797c52e15f763380b45e841ec32     
n.英语字母表的第5个字母;C大调音阶中的第三音
参考例句:
  • The "e" in " time" is a silent letter. time中的e不发音。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • You've made a mistake -- you've left out the letter e. 你出了一个错,把字母e 落了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
2 reach 5A2z5     
n.延伸,范围,河段;vt.到达,伸出,延伸,取得联系;vi.延伸
参考例句:
  • The railway line will soon reach to our town. 铁路不久就要延伸到我们镇了。
  • Can you reach that apple down in the tree? 你能把树上那个苹果摘下来吗?
3 die cvrxR     
v.死;死亡
参考例句:
  • Flowers will die without water.没有水,花就会枯死。
  • We shall die some day.我们总有一天要弃世而去。
4 borrow LRLyI     
vt.借,借入,借用;vi.借
参考例句:
  • Can I borrow two books at a time?我可以一次借两本书吗?
  • You can borrow this dictionary from the library.你可以从图书馆借到这本字典。
5 dead cyRxQ     
adj.死的;无生命的;死气沉沉的;adv.完全地
参考例句:
  • Mary threw away the dead flowers.玛丽把枯萎的花扔掉了。
  • He was dead asleep.他完全睡着了。
6 asleep dNayW     
adj.睡熟了的,麻木的;adv.熟睡地
参考例句:
  • The baby seems to be asleep.那婴孩好像是睡着了。
  • My right foot is asleep.我的右脚麻木了。
7 closed GwPzIB     
adj.关闭的;封闭的
参考例句:
  • He closed his eyes.他闭上了眼睛。
  • He was out of work when the factory closed.他在工厂倒闭后失业了。
8 army mNBy1     
n.军队,陆军,正规军,野战军
参考例句:
  • The army numbered four to five thousand at the start.这支军队开始才有四五千人。
  • What is the total strength of the enemy army?敌军人数总共有多少?
9 borrowed GxqzhK     
adj.借来的
参考例句:
  • I feel honor bound to repay the money I borrowed. 我觉得有责任归还我借的钱。
  • I have left the watch as pledge for borrowed money. 我留下这块手表作为借款的抵押物。
10 band ePWyE     
n.带子,队,乐队;v.联合,结合
参考例句:
  • Jack drums for the school band.杰克为学校乐队打鼓。
  • The band is playing.乐队正在演奏。
11 died 58e059bce7f67d5fa2bd7c3d5097a174     
vbl.死亡,消逝v.死亡,枯萎( die的过去式和过去分词 );死时处于(某种状态)或具有(某种身份)adj.死亡的,消逝的
参考例句:
  • He was banished to Australia, where he died five years later. 他被流放到澳大利亚,五年后在那里去世。
  • He was utterly bereft when his wife died. 他的妻子去世时,他十分凄凉。
12 since syswX     
adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从
参考例句:
  • He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后,他就一直在一家银行工作。
  • I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。