在线英语听力室

现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别

时间:2016-11-18 04:24:03

(单词翻译:单击)

   现在让我们来比较一下现在完成时和现在完成进行时。在比较这两个时态时,关键在于对现在完成进行时的基本概念是否理解,因为对于现在完成时我们已经有了一个基本的理解了。

  现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点,所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点,所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。
  现在就现在完成进行时的这些特点和现在完成时作一简单的比较:
  (1)现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果,但前者所表示的结果是直接的,而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。如:
  We have been cleaning the classroom. (a)
  We have cleaned the classroom. (b)
  (a)句可译为“我们打扫教室来着。”其直接结果可能是:我们身上都是灰。(b)句可以译为“我们把教室打扫过了。”其结果是:现在教室很清洁,可以用了。另外,(a)句表示教室刚刚打扫过,(b)句则可能表示教室是昨天打扫的。
  Be careful! John has been painting the door.(a)
  John has painted the door.(b)
  (a)句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过,现在油漆还未干,所以你要小心。(b)句则无此含义,油漆可能已干了。
  (2)现在完成进行时有时有延续性,现在完成时往往没有。如:
  They have been widening the road. (a)
  They have widened the road. (b)
  (a)句的意思是他们在加宽马路,但尚未完工。(b)句的意思则是已完工了。有时现在完成时有延续性(如一些属于持续体的动词),但无临时性质。如:
  Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978.(a)
  Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979.(b)
  (a)句有“史密斯先生在伦敦久居”的含义,(b)句则没有。
  (3)但现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质,如:
  My mother has been teaching English for twenty years. (a)
  My mother has taught English for twenty years. (b)
  (a)句在此并无临时性质,但较口语化。(b)句则较为正式。另外,(a)句表示动作现在仍在继续,并将延续下去,(b)句的动作是否延续下去,须由上下文决定,但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。
  (4)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复,现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如:
  Have you been meeting her lately? (a)
  Have you met her lately? (b)
  (a)句有“经常相会”之意,(b)句则没有。(b)句如与often, every day等时间状语连用,当然也表示动作在重复。
  (5)现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩,而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有什么感情色彩可言。如:
  What have you been doing? (a)
  What have you done? (b)
  (a)句表示惊异,(b)句只是一个问题。
  Have you been waiting long? (a)
  Have you waited long? (b)
  (a)句比(b)句生动。另外,(a)句比较口语化。
  I have been wanting to meet you for long. (a)
  I have long wanted to meet you. (b)
  (a)句比(b)句更亲切,更有礼貌。
  Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly. (a)
  Recently Mary has done her work regularly. (b)
  (a) 句显然是在表扬玛丽,(b)只说明一个事实。
  下面还有一例,颇为有趣:
  Who's been eating my apples? (a)
  Who's eaten my apples? (b)
  (a)句有强烈的感情色彩,表示愤怒不满,(b)句只是希望回答的一个问题。另外,(a)句兼有进行时态,所以有“苹果未被全部吃光”的意思,(b)句是完成时态,说明“苹果一个不剩了”。

分享到:


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

0 careful iTUyE     
adj.小心的;仔细的
参考例句:
  • I'll be more careful next time.下次我会更小心的。
  • He is a very careful typist.他是一个细心的打字员。
0 road SXIxc     
n.道路,公路
参考例句:
  • They walked slowly along the road.他们沿公路慢慢走。
  • There's a hotel across the road.路的另一边有一家旅馆。
0 years 75aeb98e5241592ad6a6c2c4c78a16ef     
n.年( year的名词复数 );年纪;一年的期间;某年级的学生
参考例句:
  • She is still very active, in spite of her advancing years. 她尽管年事渐高,仍然十分活跃。
  • Travelling in Europe was something of an anticlimax after the years he'd spent in Africa. 他在非洲生活了多年,到欧洲旅行真是有点太平淡了。
0 taught Sq2wK     
v.teach的过去式过去分词
参考例句:
  • Children must be taught to be careful of traffic.必须教育孩子要当心车辆。
  • Miss Brown taught my daughter last year.去年是布朗小姐教我女儿的。
0 waited ef8aedfba752a34e8df9d1f23df2b91c     
v.等候( wait的过去式和过去分词 );等待;(尤指长期地)希望;盼望
参考例句:
  • MPs waited for the chancellor's announcement. 议员们等待着财政大臣发布公告。
  • Survivors waited for the rescue boats, dazed and frightened. 生还者不知所措,心有余悸,等待着救援船只。
0 cleaning Uw8zFq     
n.清洁,打扫;(家畜等的)胞衣v.(使)清洁( clean的现在分词 );变干净;除去…的灰尘;使…干净
参考例句:
  • They pay someone to do the cleaning . 他们花钱雇人打扫。
  • I have organized the cleaning on a day-to-day basis , until our usual cleaner returns. 我已安排了在清洁工回来之前每天的清洁工作。
0 lived e22864336bd8b265bcd2d0435462e1f4     
adj.有…之生命的v.活( live的过去式和过去分词 );居住;以…为生;(按照规矩)管理生活
参考例句:
  • The monks lived a very ascetic life. 僧侣过着很清苦的生活。
  • They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs. 他们对住在楼上的人感到很好奇。
0 living bpPzW0     
adj.活的,活着的,现存的;逼真的,一模一样的;生活的,维持生活的;n.生活,生计
参考例句:
  • Nowadays it is very easy to earn a living.现今谋生很容易。
  • I'll never forget that as long as I am living.这事我至死也不会忘记。
0 met wCyxO     
v.相遇( meet的过去式和过去分词 );相识;开会;接触(某物)
参考例句:
  • I'll make arrangements for you to be met at the airport. 我会安排人到机场接你。
  • She hangs out with the arty types she met at drama school. 她和一些在戏剧学校认识的附庸风雅的朋友常混在一起。
0 mother dE0xW     
n.母亲,妈妈
参考例句:
  • My mother gave me a kiss on the forehead.妈妈吻了我的前额。
  • Where is my mother?我的妈妈在哪里?
0 lately q21xT     
adv.最近,不久前
参考例句:
  • I don't like reading novels lately.近来我不喜欢读小说。
  • She's only lately begun working here.最近她才开始在这儿工作。
0 classroom ZVAyN     
n.教室,课堂
参考例句:
  • We work in our classroom.我们在教室里学习。
  • The students cleaned the classroom.学生们打扫了教室。
0 long M01xN     
adj.长的
参考例句:
  • Summer is the season of long days.夏天是日长的季节。
  • Winter is the season of long nights.冬季是夜长的季节。
0 London ao1zzS     
n.伦敦
参考例句:
  • We got to London at 7 o'clock.我们7点到达伦敦。
  • We got to London yesterday.我们昨天到了伦敦。
0 waiting Kejznr     
n.等候;(宫廷中的)侍奉;侍女;侍奉期间adj.等待的;(尤指因迟到)让人等候;服侍的;(用于告诉某人立刻行动)你还在等什么呢v.等候( wait的现在分词 );等待;(尤指长期地)希望;盼望
参考例句:
  • waiting in the airport lounge 在机场候机厅等候
  • I'm still waiting for confirmation of the test results. 我仍在等待考试结果的通知书。
0 cleaned a4700e713f1af77bf91ee2f9242cbb0b     
v.(使)清洁( clean的过去式和过去分词 );变干净;除去…的灰尘;使…干净
参考例句:
  • This garment must be dry-cleaned only. 这件衣服只可干洗。
  • She cleaned a small segment of the painting. 她擦干净了这幅画的一小部分。
0 painting Hm7zDb     
n.油画;水彩画
参考例句:
  • I know something about painting.我懂一点绘画。
  • I painted a water painting.我画了一幅水彩画。
0 painted Bm5zDM     
adj.描画的,着色的v.画,绘画( paint的过去式和过去分词 );描绘;在…上涂涂料[油漆];往(指甲、嘴唇等上)施化妆品
参考例句:
  • She threw a hissy fit because her dressing room wasn't painted blue. 她发脾气是因为她的梳妆室没有漆成蓝色。
  • He had his portrait painted in uniform. 他让人画了一幅身着制服的画像。
0 twenty zUbzN     
num.二十
参考例句:
  • This textbook has twenty lessons.这课本有二十课。
  • There are twenty tomatoes in the box.箱子里有二十个西红柿。
0 meet 4C9xg     
v.相遇;集合;和…会见;接;满足;n.集会
参考例句:
  • I am very glad to meet you.我很高兴遇见你。
  • I'll meet him tomorrow.我明天去和他会面。
0 recently kkvzIc     
adv.近来,最近
参考例句:
  • The book was published as recently as last week.这本书上周刚出版。
  • The weather has been very snowy recently.近来天气多雪。
0     
参考例句:
0 work OoOyu     
n.工作,劳动
参考例句:
  • We all work hard.我们都努力工作。
  • Her work is to take care of the children.她的工作是照料好孩子。
0 widened b2d6902f43cf911469f3f14f235ddb8f     
放宽,加宽, (使)变宽( widen的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Her eyes widened in surprise. 她惊讶地睁大了眼睛。
  • The geographical scope of product markets has widened since the war. 战后产品市场的地理范围扩大了。
0 widening f8abd589fe5315a840cfec50d833e634     
n.扩展,加宽
参考例句:
  • They have ordered the widening of the road where the incident took place.他们已下令拓宽出事路段。
0 teaching ngEziT     
n.教学,执教,任教,讲授;(复数)教诲
参考例句:
  • We all agree in adopting the new teaching method. 我们一致同意采取新的教学方法。
  • He created a new system of teaching foreign languages.他创造了一种新的外语教学体系。
0 since syswX     
adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从
参考例句:
  • He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后,他就一直在一家银行工作。
  • I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。
0 meeting MowzDB     
n.会议;集会
参考例句:
  • Will you be at the meeting?你会来开会吗?
  • We would like to hold the meeting at an early date.我们希望早日举行这次会议。
0 regularly aVuxw     
adv.有规则地,一丝不苟地,正式地
参考例句:
  • Check the engine oil level regularly.要时常检查机油量。
  • We meet regularly to discuss business.我们定期会面讨论事务。