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万物简史 第197期:威力巨大的原子(11)

时间：2017-01-16 06:53:07

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（单词翻译）

 　　In 1910, Rutherford (assisted by his student Hans Geiger, who would later invent the radiation detector1 that bears his name) fired ionized helium atoms, or alpha particles, at a sheet of gold foil. To Rutherford's astonishment2, some of the particles bounced back. It was as if, he said, he had fired a fifteen-inch shell at a sheet of paper and it rebounded3 into his lap. This was just not supposed to happen.

　　1910年，卢瑟福（在他的学生汉斯·盖格的协助之下。盖格后来将发明冠有他名字的辐射探测仪）朝一块金箔发射电离的氦原子，或称α粒子。盖格后来还成为一个忠实的纳粹分子，出卖了他的犹太同事，其中包括很多曾经帮助过他的人。令卢瑟福吃惊的是，有的粒子竟会反弹回来。他说，他就像朝一张纸发射了一发38厘米的炮弹，结果炮弹反弹到了他的膝部。这是不该发生的事。
　　原子
　　After considerable reflection he realized there could be only one possible explanation: the particles that bounced back were striking something small and dense4 at the heart of the atom, while the other particles sailed through unimpeded. An atom, Rutherford realized, was mostly empty space, with a very dense nucleus5 at the center. This was a most gratifying discovery, but it presented one immediate6 problem. By all the laws of conventional physics, atoms shouldn't therefore exist.
　　经过冥思苦想以后，他觉得只有一种解释：那些反弹回来的粒子击中了原子当中又小又密的东西，而别的粒子则畅通无阻地穿了过去。卢瑟福意识到，原子内部主要是空无一物的空间，只有当中是密度很大的核。这是个很令人满意的发现。但马上产生了一个问题，根据传统物理学的全部定律，原子因此就不应该存在。

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1 detector svnxk     
n.发觉者，探测器
参考例句：
  • The detector is housed in a streamlined cylindrical container.探测器安装在流线型圆柱形容器内。
  • Please walk through the metal detector.请走过金属检测器。
2 astonishment VvjzR     
n.惊奇，惊异
参考例句：
  • They heard him give a loud shout of astonishment.他们听见他惊奇地大叫一声。
  • I was filled with astonishment at her strange action.我对她的奇怪举动不胜惊异。
3 rebounded 7c3c38746f183ba5eac1521bcd358376     
弹回( rebound的过去式和过去分词 )； 反弹； 产生反作用； 未能奏效
参考例句：
  • The ball rebounded from the goalpost and Owen headed it in. 球从门柱弹回，欧文头球将球攻进。
  • The ball rebounded from his racket into the net. 球从他的球拍上弹回网中。
4 dense aONzX     
a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的
参考例句：
  • The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
  • The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。
5 nucleus avSyg     
n.核，核心，原子核
参考例句：
  • These young people formed the nucleus of the club.这些年轻人成了俱乐部的核心。
  • These councils would form the nucleus of a future regime.这些委员会将成为一个未来政权的核心。
6 immediate aapxh     
adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的
参考例句：
  • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

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