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口译中的逻辑分析

时间:2017-02-14 04:23:26

(单词翻译:单击)

   口译中的逻辑分析

  口译中的逻辑分析指的是对讲话进行纵向和横向的分析,纵向分析是指分清关键信息和辅助信息,即找出逻辑的层次;横向分析则是明确各信息点之间的逻辑关系,如因果关系、对比对照、举例说明等。逻辑分析的目的是为了透彻地理解原语讲话的内容,对信息的点(具体的信息内容)、线(各点之间的联系)和面(即整体概念)进行全面的把握,以便于记忆和表达。信息经过分析加工,便能在记忆中留下更深的印象。
  逻辑分析练习可分为纵向分析和横向分析练习。纵向分析的训练方法和概述练习有些类似,但侧重点不一样。纵向分析要求进行逻辑分层训练,即在听完一篇讲话后首先用一句话概括出讲话的中心内容,这是逻辑的最上层;围绕这一中心问题讲话人谈了哪几个方面的内容,这是第二层关系;而每个方面又具体谈了些什么,这是逻辑的下一个层次。将信息一层一层地剖析下去,形成一个清晰的逻辑线路图,然后按照逻辑线路对原语讲话进行复述,复述时不必拘泥于原语的顺序和结构。
  横向分析的练习则要求我们找出信息之间的逻辑关系。一般的信息结构都遵从一定的逻辑关系模式,如:概括(generalization)、分类(classification)、因果(cause-effect)、对比对照(compare & contrast)、按照时间、空间、步骤、重要性的顺序排列(sequencing)、列举(simple listing)、提出问题-解决问题(problem-solution)等。找逻辑关系可以根据线索词汇,如英文里表示概括关系的线索词汇有:to sum up, in summary, in conclusion, in brief, in short, on the whole等;表示顺序的词汇有:first, second, furthermore, before, preceding, during, when, finally, meanwhile等;表示对比的词汇有:likewise, as well as, in common with, both, similarly,compared to等;表示对照的有:on the other hand, on the contrary, otherwise, instead, still, yet, whereas, differently等;表示因果的则有:so, since, because, as a result, consequently, lead to等等。
  逻辑分析要求在听取信息时不是被动地接收,而是在全神贯注地收听的同时,结合自己对口译情境和讲话人背景的了解,进行合理的分析和预测,这样才能更好地跟上讲话人的思路,缓解“听”的压力,使口译理解更轻松更准确。

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0     
参考例句:
0 as pNiyL     
conj.按照;如同
参考例句:
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
0 because EQXyl     
conj.由于,因为
参考例句:
  • Because his car is old.因为他的汽车旧了。
  • He was late because of an accident.他是因事故而迟到的。
0 before sQwyg     
prep./conj.在…以前
参考例句:
  • She needs the work done before tomorrow.她必须在明天以前找人完成这项工作。
  • I must finish this letter before I go home.我必须在回家以前写完这封信。
0 both KRdyL     
prep.两者(都),双方(都)adj.两个…(都)
参考例句:
  • They were both dressed in blue.他们都穿蓝衣裳。
  • They both wanted to take a bath.他们两个都想淋浴。
0 brief CSYyp     
n.摘要,简报,公事包;adj.简短的,简洁的;v.对...作简报,摘要
参考例句:
  • She made a brief note on the telephone pad.她在电话通讯簿上记下简短的话。
  • The book ends with a brief summary.这本书以一个简要的归纳结束。
0 common XX7yr     
adj.共同的,平常的,普通的;n.平民,普通,公地,公园
参考例句:
  • Man and the monkey have many things in common.人和猿有许多共同之处。
  • Britain and America share a common language.英国和美国共用一种语言。
0 conclusion 2pjzq     
n.总结,结束,决定,结论
参考例句:
  • I found the conclusion of his book very interesting.我觉得他这本书的结尾很有趣。
  • He came to the conclusion at one jump.他一下子就得出结论。
0 consequently uaNyp     
adv.因此,因而,所以
参考例句:
  • She was a bright and eager student and,consequently,did well in school.她是个聪明好学的学生,因此学习成绩很好。
  • The company went bankrupt and consequently he lost his job.公司破产,因此他失业了。
0 contrary fZmy7     
adj.相反的;adv.相反的(地);n.反面,相反
参考例句:
  • My sister's taste in dresses is contrary to my own.在服装方面,我妹妹的爱好和我完全不同。
  • The result is contrary to expectation.结果跟预料恰好相反。
0 during Dr7x3     
prep.在…期间,在…时候
参考例句:
  • What did you do with yourself during the summer holidays?暑假你是怎样度过的?
  • London is full of visitors during May and June.五六月间伦敦挤满了游客。
0 finally SkDxQ     
adv.最后地;最终
参考例句:
  • We can finally take a rest.总算是可以休息了。
  • Finally,they won the game.结果他们打赢了。
0 furthermore wf4z7     
adv.而且,此外
参考例句:
  • I don't like her because she is too tall and furthermore she smokes too much.我不喜欢她,因为她太高,另外她抽烟太厉害。
  • I don't want to go there,furthermore,I have no time to do so.我不想去那里,而且我也没时间去。
0 instead c6uxQ     
adv.代替;顶替
参考例句:
  • She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。
  • Will you go to the party instead of me?你替我赴宴好吗?
0 lead 0Rrzf     
v.引导,致使;领导
参考例句:
  • She is a lead singer in a pop group.她是流行歌曲演唱团体的最重要的歌手。
  • Excuse me,does this road lead to the railway station?请问,这条路通向火车站吗?
0 otherwise CJhx6     
adv.另外,用别的方法;在其他方面;要不然,否则
参考例句:
  • You'd better go now,otherwise you'll miss the train.你最好现在就走,要不然就赶不上火车了。
  • He is noisy,but otherwise a nice boy.他爱吵闹,但在其他方面却是个好孩子。
0 preceding DlrzTJ     
adj.在先的,在前的,前面的
参考例句:
  • Each generation surpasses the preceding one.一代更比一代强。
  • This point has been dealt with in the preceding paragraph.这一点在前面一段里已经交代过了。
0 result fW9xA     
n.结果,成绩,答案;v.产生,起于,致使
参考例句:
  • As a result,he had to leave.结果他只得离开。
  • He was disappointed at the result.他对这样的结果感到失望。
0 second qZTxG     
num.第二;adj.第二的;别的;n.第二;秒;片刻
参考例句:
  • Who was second in the high jump?跳高比赛第二名是谁?
  • This is the second type.这是第二种。
0 short ryJwh     
adj.短的;矮的
参考例句:
  • She's short and fat!她又矮又肥!
  • I love to write short stories.我爱写短小的故事。
0 since syswX     
adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从
参考例句:
  • He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后,他就一直在一家银行工作。
  • I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。
0 still CuMwK     
adj.静止的,寂静的;adv.还,仍然;更;安静地
参考例句:
  • I'm still not interested.我还是不感兴趣。
  • I still remember his face.我仍然记得他的面容。
0 sum 9Uezj     
n.总数,和,金额,全部,概略,顶点;vt.总计,概括;vi. 合计;[数]并,并集
参考例句:
  • She was fined the sum of $100.她被罚款金额一百美元。
  • Ten thousand dollars is large sum.一万美元是一大笔钱。
0 summary Rs3wG     
n.摘要,概要;adj.摘要的,简略的
参考例句:
  • There is a summary at the end of each chapter.每一章节后均附有小结。
  • I'm giving you a summary of facts.我将概述一下事实。
0 whereas XgQwB     
conj.而,却,反之
参考例句:
  • They want a house,whereas we would rather live in a flat.他们想要一座房子,而我们宁愿住在一套房间里。
  • Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.有些人赞扬他,而有些人谴责他。
0 yet TVOzu     
adv.还,仍然,即刻;conj.尽管,然而
参考例句:
  • I am not ready yet.我还没有准备好。
  • Beautiful as she is,she didn't find a boyfriend yet.尽管她很漂亮,但还没找到男朋友呢。