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万物简史 第216期:把铅撵出去(5)

时间：2017-03-02 00:52:17

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 　　Chlorofluorocarbons are also not very abundant—they constitute only about one part per billion of the atmosphere as a whole—but they are extravagantly1 destructive. One pound of CFCs can capture and annihilate2 seventy thousand pounds of atmospheric3 ozone4. CFCs also hang around for a long time—about a century on average—wreaking havoc5 all the while. They are also great heat sponges. A single CFC molecule6 is about ten thousand times more efficient at exacerbating7 greenhouse effects than a molecule of carbon dioxide—and carbon dioxide is of course no slouch itself as a greenhouse gas. In short, chlorofluorocarbons may ultimately prove to be just about the worst invention of the twentieth century.

　　含氯氟烃的量也不大──只占整个大气的大约十亿分之一──但是，这种气体的破坏力很强。1千克含氯氟烃能在大气里捕捉和消灭7万千克臭氧。含氯氟烃悬浮的时间还很长──平均一个世纪左右──不停地造成破坏。它吸收大量热量。一个含氯氟烃分子增加温室效应的本事，要比一个二氧化碳分子强1万倍左右──当然，二氧化碳本身也是加剧温室效应的能手。总之，最后可能证明，含氯氟烃差不多是20世纪最糟糕的发明。
　　Midgley never knew this because he died long before anyone realized how destructive CFCs were. His death was itself memorably8 unusual. After becoming crippled with polio, Midgley invented a contraption involving a series of motorized pulleys that automatically raised or turned him in bed. In 1944, he became entangled9 in the cords as the machine went into action and was strangled.
　　这一点米奇利永远不会知道。在人们意识到含氯氟烃的破坏力之前，他早已不在人世。他的死亡本身也是极不寻常的。米奇利患脊髓灰质炎变成跛子以后，发明了一个机械装置，利用一系列机动滑轮自动帮他在床上抬身或翻身。1944年，当这台机器启动的时候，他被缠在绳索里窒息而死。
　　If you were interested in finding out the ages of things, the University of Chicago in the 1940s was the place to be. Willard Libby was in the process of inventing radiocarbon dating, allowing scientists to get an accurate reading of the age of bones and other organic remains10, something they had never been able to do before.
　　要是你对确定事物的年龄感兴趣，20世纪40年代的芝加哥大学是个该去的地方。威拉德·利比快要发明放射性碳年代测定法，使科学家们能测出骨头和别的有机残骸的精确年代，这在过去是办不到的。

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1 extravagantly fcd90b89353afbdf23010caed26441f0     
adv.挥霍无度地
参考例句：
  • The Monroes continued to entertain extravagantly. 门罗一家继续大宴宾客。 来自辞典例句
  • New Grange is one of the most extravagantly decorated prehistoric tombs. 新格兰奇是装饰最豪华的史前陵墓之一。 来自辞典例句
2 annihilate Peryn     
v.使无效；毁灭；取消
参考例句：
  • Archer crumpled up the yellow sheet as if the gesture could annihilate the news it contained.阿切尔把这张黄纸揉皱，好象用这个动作就会抹掉里面的消息似的。
  • We should bear in mind that we have to annihilate the enemy.我们要把歼敌的重任时刻记在心上。
3 atmospheric 6eayR     
adj.大气的，空气的；大气层的；大气所引起的
参考例句：
  • Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
  • Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。
4 ozone omQzBE     
n.臭氧，新鲜空气
参考例句：
  • The ozone layer is a protective layer around the planet Earth.臭氧层是地球的保护层。
  • The capacity of ozone can adjust according of requirement.臭氧的产量可根据需要或调节。
5 havoc 9eyxY     
n.大破坏，浩劫，大混乱，大杂乱
参考例句：
  • The earthquake wreaked havoc on the city.地震对这个城市造成了大破坏。
  • This concentration of airborne firepower wrought havoc with the enemy forces.这次机载火力的集中攻击给敌军造成很大破坏。
6 molecule Y6Tzn     
n.分子，克分子
参考例句：
  • A molecule of water is made up of two atoms of hygrogen and one atom of oxygen.一个水分子是由P妈̬f婘̬ 妈̬成的。
  • This gives us the structural formula of the molecule.这种方式给出了分子的结构式。
7 exacerbating ff803ca871efdf0c67b248b5a1095f6e     
v.使恶化，使加重( exacerbate的现在分词 )
参考例句：
  • This pedagogical understretch is exacerbating social inequalities. 这种教学张力不足加重了社会不平等。 来自互联网
  • High fertilizer prices are exacerbating the problem. 高涨的肥料价格更加加剧了问题的恶化。 来自互联网
8 memorably 1a63194b3d4f2fd75d22c5d173679af3     
难忘的
参考例句：
  • The book includes some memorably seedy characters and scabrous description. 这本书包含了一些难忘下流的角色及有伤风化的描述。 来自互联网
  • Horowitz could play Chopin memorably. 霍洛维茨可以把肖邦的作品演奏得出神入化。 来自互联网
9 entangled e3d30c3c857155b7a602a9ac53ade890     
adj.卷入的；陷入的；被缠住的；缠在一起的v.使某人（某物/自己）缠绕，纠缠于（某物中），使某人（自己）陷入（困难或复杂的环境中）( entangle的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • The bird had become entangled in the wire netting. 那只小鸟被铁丝网缠住了。
  • Some military observers fear the US could get entangled in another war. 一些军事观察家担心美国会卷入另一场战争。 来自《简明英汉词典》
10 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹
参考例句：
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

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