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科学美国人60秒 SSS Blood Cells Remember Your Mountain Vacation

时间:2017-03-15 05:59:08

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(单词翻译)

 

Head to the mountains, and if the steep trails don't slow you down, the thin air will. There's less oxygen up there—so strenuous1 activity can leave you dizzy, out of breath…or worse. But even though you're beat, biochemical processes are already busy at work, acclimating2 your body. 

Scientists investigated those pathways in humans and mice. They found that exposure to low oxygen depletes3 stores of a red-blood-cell protein called eENT1. That's a good thing. Because now other substances that protect your body against low oxygen are free to rapidly accumulate and help the body adapt. 

But here's the kicker—once the eENT1 protein goes away, it doesn’t come back. Meaning red blood cells kind of 'remember' their altitude exposure. And that means if you hit the mountains again soon enough, you can acclimate4 faster than you did the first time. The findings are in the journal Nature Communications. [Anren Song et al., Erythrocytes retain hypoxic adenosine response for faster acclimatization upon re-ascent] 

There is one caveat5. "In humans the red blood cell lifespan is 120 days." Study author Yang Xia, a biochemist with the UT Health Science Center in Houston. "So the longer you stay at sea level before you re-climb to high altitude, then such memory will gradually disappear." So unless you're a frequent mountain climber—there's really no shortcut6 to acclimatization. Then again, there's no shortcut to the summit, either.

—Christopher Intagliata


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1 strenuous 8GvzN     
adj.奋发的,使劲的;紧张的;热烈的,狂热的
参考例句:
  • He made strenuous efforts to improve his reading. 他奋发努力提高阅读能力。
  • You may run yourself down in this strenuous week.你可能会在这紧张的一周透支掉自己。
2 acclimating ba3bb8a490232225bffbbbc75122439a     
v.使适应新环境,使服水土服水土,适应( acclimate的现在分词 )
参考例句:
3 depletes 03e466afb0610e2f83b6d28a055c56aa     
使大大的减少,使空虚( deplete的第三人称单数 ); 耗尽,使枯竭
参考例句:
  • Stress depletes both energy and motivation. 压力不仅消耗体力而且让你丧失动力。
  • Scientists refute a longstanding theory of how HIV slowly depletes the body's capacity to fight infection. 科学家驳倒一个爱滋病毒如何慢慢地耗尽身体容量对抗感染的长时间理论。
4 acclimate MJlyu     
v.使服水土,使习惯于新环境
参考例句:
  • I help them acclimate to living in the U.S.我帮助他们适应在美国的生活。
  • How much time does she need to acclimate?她需要多少时间才能适应?
5 caveat 7rZza     
n.警告; 防止误解的说明
参考例句:
  • I would offer a caveat for those who want to join me in the dual calling.为防止发生误解,我想对那些想要步我后尘的人提出警告。
  • As I have written before,that's quite a caveat.正如我以前所写,那确实是个警告。
6 shortcut Cyswg     
n.近路,捷径
参考例句:
  • He was always looking for a shortcut to fame and fortune.他总是在找成名发财的捷径。
  • If you take the shortcut,it will be two li closer.走抄道去要近2里路。

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