经济学人:印尼的酒 禁酒之争

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　　亚洲

　　Alcohol in Indonesia

　　印尼的酒

　　Dry Talk: Debating A Ban on Booze.

　　禁酒之争。

　　ONE of Indonesia’s newest brands of beer, Prost, traces its ancestry¹ back to 1948 when Chandra Djojonegoro, a businessman, started selling a “health tonic²”, known as Anggur Orang Tua, from the back of a bright-blue lorry at night markets in the coastal³ city of Semarang.

　　Prost是印尼的最新啤酒品牌的之一，其源头可以追溯到1948年，在港口城市三宝垄的夜市上，一个名为Chandra Djojonegoro的商人在货车车斗里开始出售一种称为“Anggur Orang Tua”的“保健品”。

　　A troupe⁴ of dancing dwarves⁵ would pull in the punters, while Djojonegoro peddled⁶ shots of what was, in essence, a fortified⁷ herbal wine to fishermen.

　　一群跳舞的侏儒会拦住船夫们，让Djojonegoro将这些强化版草药酒兜售给渔夫们。

　　It kept them warm during the chilly⁸ nights in the Java Sea.

　　这种酒得以让他们在爪哇海的寒夜里保持温暖。

　　The tonic is still sold in bottles with distinctive⁹ labels depicting¹⁰ an old Chinese man with a thick white beard.

　　如今这种补酒仍然以瓶装出售，并且带有独特的标签——一个长着厚厚白胡子的中国老人。

　　The company that makes it now produces a vast range of consumer goods, and Prost beer is the latest addition to its range.

　　它的公司现在生产着多种多样的消费品，而Prost啤酒是最新产品。

　　It is made in a $50m brewery¹² that opened in August 2015, filled with shiny stainless-steel machinery¹³ from Germany.

　　生产Prost的这个耗资5000万美元的啤酒厂于2015年8月建成，里面是闪闪发亮的不锈钢德国机器。

　　Thomas Dosy, chief executive of the subsidiary that produces Prost, says that given Orang Tua’s history in the booze business it was natural for the company to move into Indonesia’s $1bn-a-year beer market.

　　生产Prost酒的子公司的首席执行官Thomas Dosy表示，从Orang Tua酒经营的历史看，进入印度尼西亚的年消费额十亿美元的啤酒市场是自然而然的事。

　　It will not be straightforward¹⁴.

　　但这将不是一件简单的事情。

　　Conservative Muslim groups have become more assertive¹⁵.

　　保守派穆斯林组织态度变得更加强硬。

　　Only months before the brewery opened, the government slapped a ban on the sale of beer at the small shops where most people buy their groceries.

　　在酿酒厂开工的短短数月前，政府颁布法令禁止在小商店里出售啤酒，而那里是大部分人购买日常用品的地方。

　　It led to a 13% slump¹⁶ in sales, according to Euromonitor, a research firm.

　　负责调查研究的欧睿公司称，这项禁令已经导致销售业绩下滑了13%。

　　The government minister who issued the decree has since been sacked, but his ban remains¹⁷ in place.

　　宣布这一禁令的政府官员已下台，但这项禁令依然存在。

　　And Muslim parties in parliament are still not satisfied.

　　而国会中的穆斯林政党仍不满意。

　　They are pushing legislation that would ban the production, distribution and consumption of all alcoholic¹⁸ beverages¹⁹.

　　他们正在推进立法，要求禁止生产、分销和购买所有酒精饮料。

　　Drinkers could face two years in jail.

　　饮酒者可能会面临两年监禁。

　　The law is unlikely to pass.

　　这条法令不太可能会通过。

　　Muslim parties control less than one-third of the legislature’s seats.

　　因为穆斯林政党在立法机构仅占不到三分之一的席位。

　　The government is proposing a far more limited law aimed at curbing²⁰ the production of toxic²¹ home-brews, known as oplosan, which are responsible for nearly all alcohol-related deaths in Indonesia.

　　政府正提出一个范围更有限的法案，其旨在遏制人们生产有毒的自酿酒，在印尼，几乎所有的酒精致死事件都与自酿酒有关。

　　Turning Indonesia dry would be seen by many people as an affront²² to the cultural diversity of the sprawling²³ archipelago, which has large Buddhist²⁴, Christian²⁵ and Hindu minorities, as well as many Muslims who are partial to a cool one.

　　在很多人看来，印尼禁酒是对这个群岛国家文化多样性的公然挑战，因为这里有佛教、基督教、少数印度教，同时还有很多得到偏爱的穆斯林教徒。

　　Brewers argue that alcohol is not an import from the decadent²⁶ West, as the puritans often claim, but has been produced and consumed in Indonesia for at least 700 years.

　　酿酒商认为，酒不是像清教徒声称的堕落的西方的舶来品，它已经在印度尼西亚生产和消费了700年以上。

　　“It is part of the culture of Indonesia,” says Michael Chin, chief executive of Multi Bintang, the country’s biggest brewer¹¹.

　　印尼最大的啤酒商星星啤酒公司的董事长Michael Chin说：“喝酒是印尼文化的一部分。”

　　Indonesians consume less than one litre of alcohol per head a year, belying²⁷ Muslim groups’ claims that booze is creating a health crisis.

　　印尼每年人均喝不到一公升酒，与穆斯林团体声称的酒正在损害人们的健康不符。

　　Still, even without a national prohibition²⁸, Islamists will push for local bans—such as the one in force in Aceh since 2005 and adopted elsewhere.

　　但是，就算没有国家禁令，伊斯兰教徒们也会推动地方立法禁酒，就像那个从2005年开始先在亚齐省生效，然后推广到各处的法令一样。

　　Beyond booze, the state-backed council of clerics, the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) , has in recent years passed edicts condemning²⁹ everything from homosexual partnerships³⁰ to the wearing of Santa hats.

　　受政府支持的印度尼西亚伊斯兰学者理事会近年来还通过了一系列的法令谴责除酒以外的很多事情，从同性恋关系到戴圣诞帽都有涉及。

　　Although these have no legal force under Indonesia’s secular³¹ constitution, vigilantes have sometimes used the edicts to target revellers as well as religious and sexual minorities.

　　虽然这些法令在印度尼西亚的世俗宪法之下并没有法律效力，但是义警会时常利用这些法令去攻击一些喝酒狂欢的人、宗教少数群体和性少数群体。

　　Partly at the MUI's urging, parliament has passed sweeping³² anti-pornography laws, which some Indonesians see as a threat to artistic³³ and cultural liberties.

　　一定程度上来说，正是在伊斯兰学者理事会的督促下，国会通过了大量的反色情法，这些法律被一些印度尼西亚人视为对艺术自由和文化自由的威胁。

　　Muslim groups are petitioning the courts to interpret the law in a way that would criminalise extramarital sex.

　　穆斯林团体还要求法院将婚外性行为按有罪处理。

　　They are also making more use of laws against blasphemy—notably in the trial against the governor of Jakarta, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, a Christian of Chinese descent.

　　他们还越来越多地利用反渎神的法律，尤其是在起诉雅加达省长钟万学一案中,钟万学是一名华裔基督教徒。

　　Still, for a country with the world’s largest Muslim population, Indonesia is remarkably³⁴ permissive.

　　尽管如此，印度尼西亚作为全世界穆斯林人口最多的国家还是相当的宽容的。

　　Night spots in Jakarta, the capital, and tourist magnets such as the island of Bali have their raunchy sides.

　　在首都雅加达的夜总会或者巴厘岛这样的游客聚集地也有很多粗俗的方面。

　　In Semarang, Mr Dosy predicts steady growth in domestic sales of 8-9% per year, buoyed³⁵ by a growing number of middle-class tipplers.

　　在三宝垄，Dosy先生预测国内销售受日益壮大的中产阶级贪杯客的影响，将以每年8%—9%的速度平稳增长。

　　Most Indonesians, proud of their tradition of tolerance³⁶, will be hoping that he is right.

　　许多印度尼西亚人对他们宽容的传统非常骄傲，也希望他是对的。

　　1.be known as 被称为

　　例句:She is known as a great beauty.

　　她是出了名的大美女。

　　2.steady growth 稳步增长

　　例句:A steady growth in the popularity of two smaller parties may upset the polls

　　两个较小政党的支持率稳步上升，可能会打乱投票结果。

　　3.middle-class 中产阶级

　　例句:She came from a stable, comfortable, middle-class family.

　　她出身于一个收入稳定、生活宽裕的中产阶级家庭。

　　4.legal force 法律效力

　　例句:Binding³⁷ is the legal force to impose UN resolutions on the Member States.

　　约束力是指联合国决议对成员国具有法律效力。

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