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科学美国人60秒 SSS Teeth Hint at a Friendlier Neandertal

时间:2017-04-21 05:59:31

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(单词翻译)

Teeth Hint at a Friendlier Neandertal 牙齿的秘密

The paleo diet—it's pretty trendy. Eat like a caveman, no dairy, grains, sugar and so on. But what you probably won't find on many paleo plates today?

旧石器时代的饮食非常的时髦。吃的就像穴居人,没有乳制品,谷物和糖等等。但是,你可能不会在今天的盘子上找到哪些食物呢?

"Pine nuts and moss1 and tree bark and mushrooms." Laura Weyrich, a paleomicrobiologist at the University of Adelaide in Australia. "What we would like to call the true paleo diet. It's basically what you could find in a forest if you're not eating meat."

“松子、苔藓、树皮还有蘑菇。”劳拉·温里什(Laura Weyrich)是澳大利亚阿德莱德大学的研究古代的微生物学家。“我们希望将这些食物叫做史前饮食。如果你不吃肉的话,那么这些食物基本上可以从森林里找到。”

Weyrich and her colleagues cleaned the teeth of Neandertals found in Belgium and Spain. They popped off bits of ancient dental plaque2, then sequenced the DNA3 contained within, to see if it matched up to any known sequences today.

温里什和自己的同事清理了在比利时和西班牙找到的尼安德特人的牙齿。他们收集了一些古老的牙菌斑,然后对其中包含的DNA序列进行排序,以验证是否和现在已知的DNA序列匹配。

What they found suggests that the northern Neandertals ate a meat-heavy diet: including woolly rhino4 and wild sheep. Whereas their southern counterparts ate that forest-foraged vegetarian5 fare: mushrooms, nuts and moss. One of the Spanish specimens6 also appeared to have taken a tree-derived painkiller7, related to aspirin—and might have self-medicated with antibiotic8 penicillium bacteria, too.

他们发现,北部的尼安德特人吃大量的肉食,其中包括长毛犀和野羊。而南部的伙伴则吃森林中的一些素食:蘑菇、坚果和苔藓。而在西班牙取得的样本中似乎还含有了从树中提取的止痛药,这种止痛药和阿司匹林有关——和有抗生素性质的特异细菌具有自愈作用。

And the Neandertals' mouth microbiome, on average, resembled that of chimps9 more than modern humans. "They have a much healthier set of bacteria in their mouths as well. They don't have the right bacteria in the right proportions to chew holes in their teeth and cause periodontal disease. They really were very healthy." Their teeth, she says, are even sparkly white. The study is in the journal Nature.

与现代人类相比,尼安德特人的口腔微生物与黑猩猩的相似度更高。他们的口中存在更为健康的细菌组。在牙齿咀嚼洞中合适细菌的比例不足,导致牙周疾病。实际上,尼安德特人非常的健康。他们的牙齿,温里什表示,可是是耀眼的白哦。该研究结果发表在《自然》杂志上。

Perhaps the most intriguing10 finding though, might be that humans and Neandertals appeared to swap11 mouth microbes at one point in time…something that Weyrich says probably happened not through violent interactions, but when kissing or sharing food.

可能最有趣的发现是,在某个时间节点,人类和尼安德特人似乎交换了口腔中的微生物……温里什比表示,可能不是通过暴力相向,而是在接吻或者分享食物的过程中引发了上述现象。

"I think this paper in general just really suggests that Neandertals weren't like this caveman brute12 grunting-type animal they're often described as. They had knowledge about medicines, they had knowledge about their environments, about what they could eat, and they were having friendly interactions with other species. So it's a very different picture of Neandertals."

“我认为,这篇论文可以表明,尼安德特人并不像之前描述的那样和穴居人一样野蛮。”他们了解药品、周围的环境,也了解自己的食物,同时和其他的物种进行友好互动。所以,尼安德特人呈现的是一个完全不同的画面。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 moss X6QzA     
n.苔,藓,地衣
参考例句:
  • Moss grows on a rock.苔藓生在石头上。
  • He was found asleep on a pillow of leaves and moss.有人看见他枕着树叶和苔藓睡着了。
2 plaque v25zB     
n.饰板,匾,(医)血小板
参考例句:
  • There is a commemorative plaque to the artist in the village hall.村公所里有一块纪念该艺术家的牌匾。
  • Some Latin words were engraved on the plaque. 牌匾上刻着些拉丁文。
3 DNA 4u3z1l     
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句:
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
4 rhino xjmztD     
n.犀牛,钱, 现金
参考例句:
  • The rhino charged headlong towards us.犀牛急速地向我们冲来。
  • They have driven the rhino to the edge of extinction.他们已经令犀牛濒临灭绝。
5 vegetarian 7KGzY     
n.素食者;adj.素食的
参考例句:
  • She got used gradually to the vegetarian diet.她逐渐习惯吃素食。
  • I didn't realize you were a vegetarian.我不知道你是个素食者。
6 specimens 91fc365099a256001af897127174fcce     
n.样品( specimen的名词复数 );范例;(化验的)抽样;某种类型的人
参考例句:
  • Astronauts have brought back specimens of rock from the moon. 宇航员从月球带回了岩石标本。
  • The traveler brought back some specimens of the rocks from the mountains. 那位旅行者从山上带回了一些岩石标本。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 painkiller eKMx4     
n.止痛药
参考例句:
  • I shall persuade him to take the painkiller.我将说服他把药吃下去。
  • The painkiller only provides him a short respite from his pain.止痛药仅仅让他在疼痛中有短暂的疏解。
8 antibiotic KNJzd     
adj.抗菌的;n.抗生素
参考例句:
  • The doctor said that I should take some antibiotic.医生说我应该服些用抗生素。
  • Antibiotic can be used against infection.抗菌素可以用来防止感染。
9 chimps 2a09048610e52de775e2fe426c063f06     
(非洲)黑猩猩( chimp的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Chimps are too scarce, and too nearly human, to be routinely slaughtered for spare parts. 黑猩猩又太少,也太接近于人类,不可以作为人器官备用件说杀就杀。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 医学的第四次革命
  • And as nonprimates, they provoke fewer ethical and safety-related concerns than chimps or baboons. 而且作为非灵长类,就不会产生像用黑猩猩或狒狒那样的伦理和安全方面的顾虑。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 医学的第四次革命
10 intriguing vqyzM1     
adj.有趣的;迷人的v.搞阴谋诡计(intrigue的现在分词);激起…的好奇心
参考例句:
  • These discoveries raise intriguing questions. 这些发现带来了非常有趣的问题。
  • It all sounds very intriguing. 这些听起来都很有趣。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 swap crnwE     
n.交换;vt.交换,用...作交易
参考例句:
  • I will swap you my bicycle for your radio.我想拿我的自行车换你的收音机。
  • This comic was a swap that I got from Nick.这本漫画书是我从尼克那里换来的。
12 brute GSjya     
n.野兽,兽性
参考例句:
  • The aggressor troops are not many degrees removed from the brute.侵略军简直象一群野兽。
  • That dog is a dangerous brute.It bites people.那条狗是危险的畜牲,它咬人。

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