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科学美国人60秒 SSS Pulling the String on Yo-Yo Weight Gain

时间:2017-04-25 01:44:45

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(单词翻译)

Pulling the String on Yo-Yo Weight Gain 噩梦:胖了瘦,瘦了又胖

“We focus on what is called recurrent obesity1 or yo-yo obesity, which is a feature which affects close to 80 percent of all overweight individuals worldwide.”

我们将重点放在复发性肥胖,也称为体重的溜溜球效应,全世界超重人群中,有80%的人都受到了这一效应的影响。

Eran Elinav of the Weitzmann Institute of Science in Israel.

Eran Elinav来自于以色列威兹曼科学院。

“This is the phenomenon in which we gain weight and then we go on a successful diet, but within 12 months we go back to our original weight. And we even gain more weight from cycle to cycle. So this is called recurrent obesity.”

溜溜球效应的现象是体重增加,然后节食成功,12个月后,又胖了。之后我们就陷入了这种胖瘦的循环中。我们将此称为复发性肥胖。

But Elinav may have taken a step toward getting a handle on that frustrating2 post-diet pound packing that leaves people heavier than when they started. He spoke3 February 17th at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement4 of Science in Boston.

但是,对于减肥之后的反弹,Elinava采取了措施来进行处理。在2月17日于美国波士顿举行的美国科学促进协会上,Elinava发表了下面的讲话。

“We developed a few models in mice, which feature this exact pattern of recurrent exaggerated obesity…following cycles of obesity and successful dieting.

我们在小老鼠身上研发了几个模型,这些模型的特征是反复愈发的肥胖…伴随着周期性的肥胖和成功节食。

And what we found was that the one important determinant which drives this exaggerated weight regain5 tendency is a persistent6 alteration7 of the composition and function of our gut8 microbiome following a successful dieting. In other words, we diet and we normalize all of our metabolic9 parameters10 after we successfully diet…”

我们发现,导致这种周期性的肥胖增加的一个重要的决定因素是,在节食成功后,我们肠道微生物的组成和功能的持久改变。换而言之,在节食成功后,我们的饮食和新陈代谢参数正常化。

But we still can maintain the microbial profile—and function—that we had before losing the weight. So Elinav’s team did a detailed11 analysis of the biochemistry going on within the mice.

但是,我们仍然可以继续维持微生物的状况和功能,——在我们的体重再次下降之前。所以,Elinav的团队在老鼠的体内进行了一次详细的生物化学分析。

“And we came across two molecules12 in mice which are from the flavonoid family. And basically these molecules signal to the host adipose13 tissue telling it to extract more heat and to gain less fat.”

我们在老鼠的体内无意中发现了类黄酮素的两种分子。基本上,这些分子向宿主脂肪细胞发出信号:提取更多的热量,减少更少的脂肪。

The molecules, called apigenin and naringenin, get degraded in the presence of the obesity-related microbiome.

这两种分子为芹黄素和柚苷配基,在和肥胖有关的微生物存在时被降解。

“And when they are low the fat doesn’t get this signal and then weight regain occurs. So in this particular case the intervention14 which we’ve used is to replenish15 these two missing or these two degraded molecules through administration in food and their drinking water.

当这两种分子含量比较低时,脂肪并不会得到信号,然后体重就会反弹。所以,在这种特殊情况下,我们使用食物或饮用水干预来补充这两个消失或者被降解的分子,

And when we brought them back to physiological16 levels we completely abolished this tendency for an exaggerated weight regain.

当这两种分子重新回到生理水平,就不会再有体重反弹的倾向。

“Now extrapolating to humans, if this is true in humans and we would discover these or maybe other molecules which are depleted17 or in excess…an intervention which would supplement them or block their downstream signaling would potentially be helpful in this regard.”

现在,将这些推断到人类,如果这在人类身上也能适用,我们就可以发现这些或者其他含量不足或者多余的分子……采取补充分子或者阻塞其发送信号,这些干预措施将会在这一方面有作用。


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1 obesity Dv1ya     
n.肥胖,肥大
参考例句:
  • One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
  • Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。
2 frustrating is9z54     
adj.产生挫折的,使人沮丧的,令人泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的现在分词 );挫败;使受挫折;令人沮丧
参考例句:
  • It's frustrating to have to wait so long. 要等这么长时间,真令人懊恼。
  • It was a demeaning and ultimately frustrating experience. 那是一次有失颜面并且令人沮丧至极的经历。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 spoke XryyC     
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
参考例句:
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
4 advancement tzgziL     
n.前进,促进,提升
参考例句:
  • His new contribution to the advancement of physiology was well appreciated.他对生理学发展的新贡献获得高度赞赏。
  • The aim of a university should be the advancement of learning.大学的目标应是促进学术。
5 regain YkYzPd     
vt.重新获得,收复,恢复
参考例句:
  • He is making a bid to regain his World No.1 ranking.他正为重登世界排名第一位而努力。
  • The government is desperate to regain credibility with the public.政府急于重新获取公众的信任。
6 persistent BSUzg     
adj.坚持不懈的,执意的;持续的
参考例句:
  • Albert had a persistent headache that lasted for three days.艾伯特连续头痛了三天。
  • She felt embarrassed by his persistent attentions.他不时地向她大献殷勤,使她很难为情。
7 alteration rxPzO     
n.变更,改变;蚀变
参考例句:
  • The shirt needs alteration.这件衬衣需要改一改。
  • He easily perceived there was an alteration in my countenance.他立刻看出我的脸色和往常有些不同。
8 gut MezzP     
n.[pl.]胆量;内脏;adj.本能的;vt.取出内脏
参考例句:
  • It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
  • My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。
9 metabolic 2R4z1     
adj.新陈代谢的
参考例句:
  • Impressive metabolic alternations have been undergone during embryogenesis.在胚胎发生期间经历了深刻的代谢变化。
  • A number of intoxicants are associated with metabolic acidosis.许多毒性物质可引起代谢性酸中毒。
10 parameters 166e64f6c3677d0c513901242a3e702d     
因素,特征; 界限; (限定性的)因素( parameter的名词复数 ); 参量; 参项; 决定因素
参考例句:
  • We have to work within the parameters of time. 我们的工作受时间所限。
  • See parameters.cpp for a compilable example. This is part of the Spirit distribution. 可编译例子见parameters.cpp.这是Spirit分发包的组成部分。
11 detailed xuNzms     
adj.详细的,详尽的,极注意细节的,完全的
参考例句:
  • He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
  • A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
12 molecules 187c25e49d45ad10b2f266c1fa7a8d49     
分子( molecule的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
  • Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里,大分子裂变为小分子。
13 adipose cJayQ     
adj.脂肪质的,脂肪多的;n.(储于脂肪组织中的)动物脂肪;肥胖
参考例句:
  • After I become pouch operation adipose meeting second birth?我做眼袋手术后脂肪会再生吗?
  • Adipose tissue as seen in a regular histological section.组织切片可见脂肪组织。
14 intervention e5sxZ     
n.介入,干涉,干预
参考例句:
  • The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
  • Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。
15 replenish kCAyV     
vt.补充;(把…)装满;(再)填满
参考例句:
  • I always replenish my food supply before it is depleted.我总是在我的食物吃完之前加以补充。
  • We have to import an extra 4 million tons of wheat to replenish our reserves.我们不得不额外进口四百万吨小麦以补充我们的储备。
16 physiological aAvyK     
adj.生理学的,生理学上的
参考例句:
  • He bought a physiological book.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
  • Every individual has a physiological requirement for each nutrient.每个人对每种营养成分都有一种生理上的需要。
17 depleted 31d93165da679292f22e5e2e5aa49a03     
adj. 枯竭的, 废弃的 动词deplete的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • Food supplies were severely depleted. 食物供应已严重不足。
  • Both teams were severely depleted by injuries. 两个队都因队员受伤而实力大减。

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