万物简史 第240期:马斯特-马克的夸克(12)

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　　波格丹诺夫理论几乎立即在物理学家中间引起争论：它到底是胡说八道，一项天才的成就，还是一个骗局？“从科学的角度来看，显而易见，它多少是彻头彻尾的胡说八道。”哥伦比亚大学的物理学家彼得·沃伊特对《纽约时报》记者说，“不过，近来，它跟许多别的文献没有多大区别。”

　　Karl Popper, whom Steven Weinberg has called "the dean of modern philosophers of science," once suggested that there may not be an ultimate theory for physics—that, rather, every explanation may require a further explanation, producing "an infinite chain of more and more fundamental principles." A rival possibility is that such knowledge may simply be beyond us. "So far, fortunately," writes Weinberg in Dreams of a Final Theory, "we do not seem to be coming to the end of our intellectual resources."

　　卡尔·波普尔被斯蒂芬·温伯格称之为“现代科学哲学家的泰斗”。有一次，他提出，物理学很可能没有一种终极理论──每一种解释都需要进一步的解释，形成“永无穷尽的一连串越来越基本的原理”。与之相对的可能性是，这种知识也许是我们完全无法理解的。“幸亏，迄今为止，”温伯格在《终极理论之梦》中写道，“我们的理智资源似乎尚未耗尽。”

　　夸克

　　Almost certainly this is an area that will see further developments of thought, and almost certainly these thoughts will again be beyond most of us.

　　几乎可以肯定的是，这个领域将出现更多的见解；几乎同样可以肯定的是，这些见解将是我们大多数人所无法理解的。

　　While physicists in the middle decades of the twentieth-century were looking perplexedly into the world of the very small, astronomers⁴ were finding no less arresting an incompleteness of understanding in the universe at large.

　　正当20世纪中叶的物理学家在迷惑不解地观测小世界的时候，天文学家发现，同样引人注目的是，对大宇宙的理解也是不完整的。

　　When we last met Edwin Hubble, he had determined⁵ that nearly all the galaxies⁶ in our field of view are flying away from us, and that the speed and distance of this retreat are neatly⁷ proportional: the farther away the galaxy⁸, the faster it is moving.

　　上次谈到，埃德温·哈勃已经确认，我们视野里的几乎所有星系都在离我们远去，这种退行的速度和距离是成正比的：星系离得越远，运动的速度越快。

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