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零基础学英语:主谓一致之并列结构作主语

时间:2017-05-24 09:26:07

(单词翻译:单击)

   我们知道,中英一大区别在于,英文中存在“主谓一致”问题,即要求句子中的主语和谓语动词在“人称”和“数”方面保持一致。

  但若是并列结构作主语,谓语动词又当如何呢?并列结构作主语,主谓一致问题通常要分为以下几种情况:
  1. and/ both...and
  (1)若意义为复数,则谓语用复数。
  Both Lucy and her mother like going1 shopping. 路西和她妈妈都爱购物。
  (2)若并列结构不是指两个或以上的人/物,则谓语用单数。
  Egg and rice is her usual2 breakfast. 她早上通常吃蛋炒饭。
  (3)并列结构中有each, every或many a等限定词,谓语一律用单数。
  Every boy and every girl in this class is good at English.
  这个班每个男生女生英语都很好。
  2. or/ nor/ either4...or
  由or/ nor/ either...or连接的并列结构,主谓通常遵循“就近原则”。
  Either my parents or my brother is at home. 要么我爸妈在家,要么我哥哥在家。
  3. as3 much as
  若主语后面跟着由as much as, rather5 than, more than, no less6 than等引导的从属结构,谓语根据主语本身单复数而定。
  His brother rather than his parents is at home. 是他哥哥而不是他爸妈在家。
  4. as well as
  若主语后面跟着as well as, in addition7 to, with, along8 with, together with 等引导的词组时,谓语动词取决于主语本身。
  The boy, together with his parents, is visiting the museum.
  这个男孩和他父母正在参观博物馆。
  由上可知,并不是所有并列结构都是两个或以上的复数概念!因此,当并列结构作主语时,谓语切不可主观采取“一刀切”的方法,而是要具体问题具体分析。

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1 going dsHzY9     
n.去,离去,地面(或道路)的状况,工作情况;(复数形式)goings: 行为;adj.进行中的,流行的,现存的
参考例句:
  • We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
  • He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。
2 usual OUDzP     
adj.通常的;平常的
参考例句:
  • I got up at six that morning as usual.像往常一样那天早上我六点起床。
  • It's usual to have a holiday in summer.夏天休假是惯例。
3 as pNiyL     
conj.按照;如同
参考例句:
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
4 either pq6x9     
adj.任一,两方的;prep.任一,随便任一个;conj.或,也
参考例句:
  • I have bought two books,you can have either.我买了两本书,你要哪一本都可以。
  • I don't think either of them are at home.我想他们中任何一个都不在家。
5 rather TTOx1     
adv.宁愿,宁可;相当
参考例句:
  • I would rather go out tonight,if you don't mind. 如果你不介意的话,我宁愿今晚出去。
  • This book is rather too easy for this boy.这本书对于这个孩子来说太简单。
6 less q1Ux4     
adj.更少的,更小的;adv.更少地,更小地;n.少量,次要;prep.减
参考例句:
  • I read much less now than I did at school.我现在看书远比我上学时少。
  • You can't buy the dress with less than 50 yuan.买这件衣服没有50元钱下不来。
7 addition JJ5yL     
n.加法;附加,附加物,增加部分,加
参考例句:
  • That is a simple addition.那是简单的加法。
  • They've just had an addition to the family.他们家里刚刚添了一口人。
8 along 6L6ym     
adv.一道,一起;prep.沿着,顺着
参考例句:
  • Would you like to come along?你想一起去吗?
  • They walked slowly along the road.他们沿着公路慢慢走。