快速测你的雅思阅读分数是几分段位？

　　让我们以剑桥11为例，绿色为必读的定位句部分，蓝色为进一步明确答案的补充阅读，灰色部分为与题目不相关信息。

　　友情提示：一定要看到底~

　　Though we might think of film as an essentially¹ visual experience, we really cannot afford to underestimate the importance of film sound. A meaningful sound track is often as complicated as the image on the screen, and is ultimately just as much the responsibility of the director. The entire sound track consists of three essential ingredients: the human voice, sound effects and music. These three tracks must be mixed and balanced so as to produce the necessary emphases which in turn create desired effects. Topics which essentially refer to the three previously² mentioned tracks are discussed below. They include dialogue, synchronous³ and asynchronous sound effects, and music.

　　Let us start with dialogue. As is the case with stage drama, dialogue serves to tell the story and expresses feelings and motivations of characters as well. Often with film characterization the audience perceives little or no difference between the character and the actor.Thus, for example, the actor Humphrey Bogart is the character Sam Spade; film personality and life personality seem to merge⁴. Perhaps this is because the very texture⁵ of a performer’s voice supplies an element of character.

　　When voice textures⁶ fit the performer’s physiognomy and gestures, a whole and very realistic persona emerges. The viewer sees not an actor working at his craft, but another human being struggling with life. It is interesting to note that how dialogue is used and the very amount of dialogue used varies widely among films. For example, in the highly successful science-fiction film 2001, little dialogue was evident, and most of it was banal⁷ and of little intrinsic interest. In this way the film-maker was able to portray⁸ what Thomas Sobochack and Vivian Sobochack call, in An Introduction to Film, the ‘inadequacy of human responses when compared with the magnificent technology created by man and the visual beauties of the universe’.

　　The comedy Bringing Up Baby, on the other hand, presents practically non-stop dialogue delivered at breakneck speed. This use of dialogue underscores not only the dizzy quality of the character played by Katherine Hepburn, but also the absurdity⁹ of the film itself and thus its humor. The audience is bounced from gag to gag and conversation to conversation; there is no time for audience reflection. The audience is caught up in a whirlwind of activity in simply managing to follow the plot. This film presents pure escapism — largely due to its frenetic dialogue.

　　Synchronous sound effects are those sounds which are synchronized¹⁰ or matched with what is viewed. For example, if the film portrays¹¹ a character playing the piano, the sounds of the piano are projected. Synchronous sounds contribute to the realism of film and also help to create a particular atmosphere. For example, the ‘click’ of a door being opened may simply serve to convince the audience that the image portrayed¹² is real, and the audience may only subconsciously¹⁴ note the expected sound. However, if the ‘click’ of an opening door is part of an ominous¹⁵ action such as a burglary, the sound mixer may call attention to the ‘click’ with an increase in volume; this helps to engage the audience in a moment of suspense¹⁶.

　　Asynchronous sound effects, on the other hand, are not matched with a visible source of the sound on screen. Such sounds are included so as to provide an appropriate emotional nuance¹⁷, and they may also add to the realism of the film. For example, a film-maker might opt¹⁸ to include the background sound of an ambulance’s siren while the foreground sound and image portrays an arguing couple. The asynchronous ambulance siren underscores the psychic¹⁹ injury incurred²⁰ in the argument; at the same time the noise of the siren adds to the realism of the film by acknowledging the film’s city setting.

　　We are probably all familiar with background music in films, which has become so ubiquitous as to be noticeable in its absence. We are aware that it is used to add emotion and rhythm. Usually not meant to be noticeable, it often provides a tone or an emotional attitude toward the story and/or the characters depicted²¹. In addition, background music often foreshadows a change in mood. For example, dissonant²² music may be used in film to indicate an approaching (but not yet visible) menace or disaster.

　　Background music may aid viewer understanding by linking scenes.For example, a particular musical theme associated with an individual character or situation may be repeated at various points in a film in order to remind the audience of salient motifs²³ or ideas.

　　Film sound comprises conventions and innovations. We have come to expect an acceleration²⁴ of music during car chases and creaky doors in horror films. Yet, it is important to note as well that sound is often brilliantly conceived. The effects of sound are often largely subtle and often are noted²⁵ by only our subconscious¹³ minds. We need to foster an awareness²⁶ of film sound as well as film space so as to truly appreciate an art form that sprang to life during the twentieth century — the modern film.

　　雅思阅读考试恒定的是一个小时做三篇文章，阅读速度是非常重要的考察条件。除此之外，一般还需要具备如下四种能力：

　　—单词储备(例如本文第23题题目：“Audiences tend to be aware of how the background music is affecting them. ” 不说文章，题目不能有生词吧?)

　　—语法句式(例如本文第24题定位句：“The entire sound track consists of three essential ingredients: the human voice, sound effects and music. These three tracks must be mixed and balanced so as to produce the necessary emphases which in turn create desired effects. ” 单词都认识，句子看不懂?)

　　—逻辑关系(单词句子都理解，段落及文章不知所云?)

　　—解题方法(例如本文第24-26题题目要求：“Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-E, below. ” 这什么题?怎么处理?)

　　这个阶段需要短期提分的考生，不建议通读段落通读全文，而是解题技巧为主，充分利用好所有题目的线索，明确好定位句，也就是绿色部分，就很好。课下的学习最重要的是要花功夫，多整理真题生词(捶黑板!同学们，单词都不背想怎样啊!)和同义替换，平时做题不卡时间，搞清楚每个题目的准确含义，反复阅读文章尤其是定位句，这几个步骤做到位，5.5以上不是梦!

　　不管哪个水平阶段的考生，做题时都应该有选择性有针对性的阅读文章，大家可以对号入座，结合自身的实际适当的进行调整备考计划，突出重围。

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