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科学美国人60秒 SSS 不知吃么什 那由微生物来决定吧~

时间:2017-07-04 06:23:37

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(单词翻译)

Gut1 Microbes Help Keep Starved Flies Fecund 不知吃么什 那由微生物来决定吧~

Just like humans, fruit flies have to eat a balanced diet.

果蝇和人类一样,也要饮食均衡.

"They need sugar to survive, they need amino acids to make eggs, to have stem cells proliferate2. They need salt, they need vitamins."

他们需要糖类生存,氨基酸用于产卵,干细胞用于增值.它们需要盐分.需要维生素。

Carlos Ribeiro, a neuroscientist at the Champalimaud Center in Portugal. Yeast3, he says, is a crucial component4 of the fly diet. "I always say, yeast is the steak of the fly."

Carlos Ribeiro是葡萄牙Champalimaud 中心的神经科学家。酵母,是苍蝇饮食中重要的一部分。“我总是说,酵母就相当于苍蝇的牛排。”

Take yeast away, and the flies crave5 it—gotta make those eggs. Ribeiro and his team found they could also elicit6 that yearning7 for yeast simply by removing a few key amino acids from the flies' diet—but only in those flies that had their gut microbiome wiped out.

将酵母拿走,苍蝇渴望利用酵母来产卵。Ribeiro和研究团队发现,只需要移除苍蝇饮食中的几种关键的氨基酸,就可以消除苍蝇的这种渴望——但是以上只适用于体内的肠胃微生物消灭的苍蝇。

Here’s the twist: when Ribeiro and his colleagues restored the standard fly gut microbiome, amino-acid-deprived flies did not seek out yeast to compensate8. That might seem like the gut microbes are actually working against the flies' best interest—blocking their instincts to seek out missing nutrients9.

但是令人纠结的事情出现了:当Ribeiro和同事们恢复了苍蝇体内的肠道微生物,被去除氨基酸的苍蝇并没有来寻找酵母进行补偿。可能是肠道微生物会作用于果蝇的最佳利益——阻止果蝇的本能去寻找丢失的营养。

But what actually happened, Ribeiro says, is that flies with the gut microbes maintained good egg production despite their nutritional10 deficiency. Suggesting that somehow, microbes help the flies adapt to nutrient-poor conditions.

但是到底发生了什么,Ribeio表示,尽管营养缺失,果蝇和肠道微生物可以保持果蝇产卵良好。这在某种程度上表明。微生物帮助了果蝇适应了营养匮乏的环境。

"So somehow the microbes reprogram the metabolism11 of the fly to now cope better with an absence of amino acids in the diet. And that might also lead then to the fly not having to produce a strong craving12 for amino acids." The study is in the journal PLoS Biology.

所以,在某种程度上,微生物可以调节果蝇的新城代谢使其更好地应对氨基酸缺乏的饮食。这可能也导致果蝇不会产生对氨基酸那么强烈的渴望。该项研究成果发表在《公共科学图书馆生物学》杂志上。

Of course, flies are not humans. But still, Ribeiro says, "I think there is now more and more compelling evidence that the microbes in the gut, also of humans, affect behavior, mood and stress, and maybe even, people propose, some diseases. But how microbes do so and why they would do so is completely unclear."

当然,果蝇不是人类。但是Ribeiro表示,“我认为有更多的证据表明,肠道微生物,其中包括人类的肠道微生物,会影响行为、情绪、和压力。甚至人们认为会影响一些疾病。”但是我们完全不清楚这些微生物的作用机理以及它们这么做的原因。

Still: next time you're staring at a menu, undecided on what to order…you might try just going with your gut.

下一次,你盯着菜单不知道点什么的时候,或许可有跟着肠道的感觉走~


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1 gut MezzP     
n.[pl.]胆量;内脏;adj.本能的;vt.取出内脏
参考例句:
  • It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
  • My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。
2 proliferate uisyE     
vi.激增,(迅速)繁殖,增生
参考例句:
  • We must not proliferate nuclear arms.我们决不能扩散核武器。
  • Rabbits proliferate when they have plenty of food.兔子有充足的食物就会繁衍得很快。
3 yeast 7VIzu     
n.酵母;酵母片;泡沫;v.发酵;起泡沫
参考例句:
  • Yeast can be used in making beer and bread.酵母可用于酿啤酒和发面包。
  • The yeast began to work.酵母开始发酵。
4 component epSzv     
n.组成部分,成分,元件;adj.组成的,合成的
参考例句:
  • Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
  • Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。
5 crave fowzI     
vt.渴望得到,迫切需要,恳求,请求
参考例句:
  • Many young children crave attention.许多小孩子渴望得到关心。
  • You may be craving for some fresh air.你可能很想呼吸呼吸新鲜空气。
6 elicit R8ByG     
v.引出,抽出,引起
参考例句:
  • It was designed to elicit the best thinking within the government. 机构的设置是为了在政府内部集思广益。
  • Don't try to elicit business secrets from me. I won't tell you anything. 你休想从我这里套问出我们的商业机密, 我什么都不会告诉你的。
7 yearning hezzPJ     
a.渴望的;向往的;怀念的
参考例句:
  • a yearning for a quiet life 对宁静生活的向往
  • He felt a great yearning after his old job. 他对过去的工作有一种强烈的渴想。
8 compensate AXky7     
vt.补偿,赔偿;酬报 vi.弥补;补偿;抵消
参考例句:
  • She used her good looks to compensate her lack of intelligence. 她利用她漂亮的外表来弥补智力的不足。
  • Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health. 一个人失去了键康是不可弥补的。
9 nutrients 6a1e1ed248a3ac49744c39cc962fb607     
n.(食品或化学品)营养物,营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
  • Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》
10 nutritional 4HRxN     
adj.营养的,滋养的
参考例句:
  • A diet lacking in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。
  • The labels on food products give a lot of information about their nutritional content.食品上的标签提供很多关于营养成分的信息。
11 metabolism 171zC     
n.新陈代谢
参考例句:
  • After years of dieting,Carol's metabolism was completely out of whack.经过数年的节食,卡罗尔的新陈代谢完全紊乱了。
  • All living matter undergoes a process of metabolism.生物都有新陈代谢。
12 craving zvlz3e     
n.渴望,热望
参考例句:
  • a craving for chocolate 非常想吃巧克力
  • She skipped normal meals to satisfy her craving for chocolate and crisps. 她不吃正餐,以便满足自己吃巧克力和炸薯片的渴望。

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