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科学美国人60秒 SSS 红辣椒可缓解肠炎

时间:2017-07-04 08:35:31

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(单词翻译)

Hot Chilies2 Cool Down Gut3 Inflammation in Mice 红辣椒可缓解肠炎

The ingredient that makes hot chilies hot is called capsaicin—and it can set your mouth on fire. But the spicy4 compound has a soothing5 effect too: in your gut, it kicks off a chemical cascade6 that might calm the immune system and reduce inflammation.

导致红辣椒很辣的成分叫做辣椒素——它会让你的嘴像着火一样火辣辣的。不过这种辛辣的化合物还有一种舒缓效果:它会在人的肠道中触发一种化学级联,可以舒缓免疫系统并减少炎症。

\Researchers studied that phenomenon in mice. Once inside the gut, the capsaicin molecules7 plugged into a specific receptor, spurring the release of another compound, called anandamide. Anandamide happens to be an endocannabinoid—similar to active ingredients in marijuana—which binds8 to cannabinoid receptors in the gut. That last step in the cascade ramped9 up the production of cells that damp down inflammation in the mice—and even cured them of a mouse model of diabetes10 type 1, an autoimmune disease.

研究人员在小白鼠身上研究了这一现象。一旦这种辣椒素的分子进入肠道,便会进入一个特定的受体,刺激另一种叫做“花生四烯酸乙醇胺”的化合物的释放。花生四烯酸乙醇胺恰好是一种类似于大麻中活性成分的“内源性大麻素”,它会与肠道中的大麻素受体结合。这一化学级联的最后一步便是加速在小白鼠身上生产能够抑制炎症的细胞,甚至治愈小白鼠身上的1型糖尿病——一种自体免疫性疾病。

If all this sounds a bit similar to the chemical messaging that happens in the brain… that's because it is. "The gut has a very large nervous system. It's almost as large as the brain itself. Pramod Srivastava, an immunologist at UConn Health and one of the study’s leaders.

这一切是不是听起来有点类似于发生在大脑中的化学通讯……的确如此。大肠中有非常大的神经系统。它几乎和大脑一样大。普拉莫德?斯里瓦斯塔瓦,康涅狄格大学健康中心的免疫学家,同时也是该研究的负责人之一。

"We don't quite fully11 understand what this huge amount of neurons are doing in the gut. We don't understand its language, and the molecules and mediators. And I think with this work we can at least claim to have found a couple of words in that language." The study is in the Proceedings12 of the National Academy of Sciences.

“我们并不太清楚这么大量的神经元在肠道中有何作用。我们不懂它的语言,它的分子和介质。我认为通过这一项目,我们至少可以声称已经找到了这门语言中的几个单词。”这项研究发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上。

So to recap that chemical chain: chilies cause the production of endocannabinoids, which produce immune suppressant cells, which soothe13 inflammation. So, what if you cut out the chili1 initiator, and just eat cannabinoids—pot brownies, stuff like that?

因此,简明扼要地说明这一化学反应链——辣椒导致内源性大麻素的产生,进而产生免疫抑制细胞,从而缓解炎症。那么,如果你切断辣椒这一引发剂,只吃一些类似于用大麻素制作的罐装巧克力这种食物会怎样?

"Obviously we are very interested in people who use edible14 cannabinoids. I'm extremely curious if people with colitis or Crohn's disease, who are edible pot users, do they benefit from it? I have no idea. But it's something we can now find out because sizable numbers of people are consuming those edibles15.”

“显然,我们对使用可食用大麻素的人非常感兴趣。我对患有结肠炎或节段性回肠炎,并会食用这种罐装食品的人感到非常好奇——他们会从中受益吗?我也不知道。但是现在我们将能够找出这一答案,因为已有相当数量的人在食用这种食物了。”


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1 chili JOlzm     
n.辣椒
参考例句:
  • He helped himself to another two small spoonfuls of chili oil.他自己下手又加了两小勺辣椒油。
  • It has chocolate,chili,and other spices.有巧克力粉,辣椒,和其他的调味品。
2 chilies 792c44b1b02c06a551b8df5efc038fe4     
n.红辣椒( chili的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Some people like to harvest the plants, when the chilies are green. 一些人喜欢在辣椒长成绿色的时候就采摘。 来自互联网
  • Sprinkle with scallions and sliced chilies and served hot. 洒上葱粒、辣椒丝,趁热上桌。 来自互联网
3 gut MezzP     
n.[pl.]胆量;内脏;adj.本能的;vt.取出内脏
参考例句:
  • It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
  • My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。
4 spicy zhvzrC     
adj.加香料的;辛辣的,有风味的
参考例句:
  • The soup tasted mildly spicy.汤尝起来略有点辣。
  • Very spicy food doesn't suit her stomach.太辣的东西她吃了胃不舒服。
5 soothing soothing     
adj.慰藉的;使人宽心的;镇静的
参考例句:
  • Put on some nice soothing music.播放一些柔和舒缓的音乐。
  • His casual, relaxed manner was very soothing.他随意而放松的举动让人很快便平静下来。
6 cascade Erazm     
n.小瀑布,喷流;层叠;vi.成瀑布落下
参考例句:
  • She watched the magnificent waterfall cascade down the mountainside.她看着壮观的瀑布从山坡上倾泻而下。
  • Her hair fell over her shoulders in a cascade of curls.她的卷发像瀑布一样垂在肩上。
7 molecules 187c25e49d45ad10b2f266c1fa7a8d49     
分子( molecule的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
  • Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里,大分子裂变为小分子。
8 binds c1d4f6440575ef07da0adc7e8adbb66c     
v.约束( bind的第三人称单数 );装订;捆绑;(用长布条)缠绕
参考例句:
  • Frost binds the soil. 霜使土壤凝结。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Stones and cement binds strongly. 石头和水泥凝固得很牢。 来自《简明英汉词典》
9 ramped 5cbb3df46cd03d388e73d269a6b06e0d     
土堤斜坡( ramp的过去式和过去分词 ); 斜道; 斜路; (装车或上下飞机的)活动梯
参考例句:
  • With the arrival of George Lucas, the pace has ramped up. 随着乔治·卢卡斯的到来,速度大大加快。
  • They also sold corporate bonds as the global financial crisis ramped up. 在全球金融危机加剧之际,他们还抛售了公司债券。
10 diabetes uPnzu     
n.糖尿病
参考例句:
  • In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者,医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
  • Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。
11 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
12 proceedings Wk2zvX     
n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报
参考例句:
  • He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
  • to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼
13 soothe qwKwF     
v.安慰;使平静;使减轻;缓和;奉承
参考例句:
  • I've managed to soothe him down a bit.我想方设法使他平静了一点。
  • This medicine should soothe your sore throat.这种药会减轻你的喉痛。
14 edible Uqdxx     
n.食品,食物;adj.可食用的
参考例句:
  • Edible wild herbs kept us from dying of starvation.我们靠着野菜才没被饿死。
  • This kind of mushroom is edible,but that kind is not.这种蘑菇吃得,那种吃不得。
15 edibles f15585c612ecc5e917a4d4b09581427a     
可以吃的,可食用的( edible的名词复数 ); 食物
参考例句:
  • They freely offered for sale what edibles they had. 他们很自愿地把他们的一点点可吃的东西卖给我们。
  • Our edibles the wild vegetable. 我们只能吃野菜。

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