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科学美国人60秒 SSS 囊地鼠对抗火山大爆发

时间:2017-07-04 08:50:33

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(单词翻译)

Gophers versus1 the Volcano 囊地鼠对抗火山大爆发

May 18th is the 37th anniversary of the massive explosion of Mount Saint Helens. But within days of the volcano erupting, the local ecosystem2 started to bounce back. Thanks to some unassuming little animals that spend lots of time underground.

5月18日是圣海伦斯火山大爆发37周年纪念日。然而在火山爆发后几天内,当地的生态系统就开始迅速恢复。这还多亏了一些在地下呆了很长时间的毫不起眼的小动物。

“The pocket gophers were the ecological3 heroes of Mount Saint Helens.”

“囊地鼠是圣海伦斯山的生态英雄。”

Emory University paleontologist and geologist4 Anthony J. Martin.

安东尼·J·马丁是艾莫利大学的一名古生物学家和地质学家。

“You normally don’t hear those words put together, pocket gopher and hero. But they were…these small burrowing6 mammals were able to survive this massive, devastating7 volcanic8 eruption9.”

“通常人们不会听到这些词一起使用——囊地鼠和英雄。但它们确实是英雄……这些小型穴居哺乳动物能够经受住这次超大规模的、毁灭性的火山喷发并幸存下来。”

Just as numerous animals that live underground have survived catastrophes10 and predators11 for hundreds of millions of years. As Martin discusses in his new book The Evolution Underground: Burrows12, Bunkers, and the Marvelous Subterranean13 World Beneath Our Feet.

就像许多生活在地下的动物经受住了上亿年的大灾难和食肉动物的威胁生存下来了一样。正如马丁在他的新书《地下演变:地洞、洞穴和我们脚下神奇的地下世界》中探讨的那样。

“The reports I was reading about this, about how these researchers in helicopters are flying over the devastated14 landscape—just a few days later there were the burrow5 mounds15. Pop pop pop. Thinking about these gophers that were below the ground. And they survived that....

“我读到关于这方面的报道,关于研究人员乘坐直升机飞越这个满目疮痍的地区——然而仅仅几天后,这里就有了洞穴堆积。砰砰砰。想象一下这些在地下的囊地鼠。它们经受住大爆发幸存了下来……”

“So that to me was a golden opportunity to talk about that, as this incredible story of survival, but also renewal16. That these little burrowing mammals brought back that landscape. Because their burrows served first of all as refuge for any other small animals that were there. So other small mammals and other vertebrates, such as amphibians17 and reptiles18 that lived there, they were either in their own burrows or they were in pocket gopher burrows or other small mammal burrows in the area.

“所以对我来说,这是一个谈论它的绝佳时机——一个令人难以置信的幸存者的故事,一个重生的故事。这些小穴居哺乳动物复苏了那片土地。因为他们的洞穴首先成为了其他生活在那里的小动物的避难所。因此其他的小型哺乳动物和脊椎动物——比如在那里生活的两栖动物和爬行动物——它们要么生活在自己的洞穴里,要么生活在囊地鼠的洞穴或该地区其他小哺乳动物的洞穴里。

“The burrowing also brought up seeds. The seeds are already buried, so that caused plants to start sprouting19 in the area, where it wasn’t so much wind-blown seeds…then of course once other animals started coming back into the area, like elk20, and they started dropping seeds through their feces and otherwise affecting the surface ecology, that then worked together to bring those ecosystems21 back to life. But the gophers were key in this. They really were essential for these ecosystems to be able to bounce back.”

“由于当地没有太多风来吹拂种子,因而掘穴还带回了那些已被埋在地下的种子,从而使该地区的植物得以开始萌芽……然后顺理成章的,一旦其他动物,比如麋鹿,开始回到该地区,它们开始通过粪便投撒种子并从其他方面影响地表生态系统。再然后所有生灵一起努力将该地区的生态系统恢复生机。但囊地鼠在其中起着关键作用。它们确实是这些生态系统能够迅速复苏的必要条件。”

You can hear an extended interview with Martin about his book in a Science Talk podcast posted on our website. And there’s a children’s book just about the gophers and Mount Saint Helens called Gopher to the Rescue by Terry Jennings. Finally, for general information about gophers and their effect on landscapes, check out the nature documentary Caddyshack.

你还可以收听本网站发布的一个对马丁先生就其新书所做的拓展采访。该采访发布于《科学脱口秀》广播。还有一本特里·詹尼斯的关于囊地鼠与圣海伦斯火山的儿童读物——《囊地鼠救援行动》。最后,要了解囊地鼠的基本资料以及它们对环境的影响,请参阅自然纪录片《Caddyshack》。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 versus wi7wU     
prep.以…为对手,对;与…相比之下
参考例句:
  • The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
  • The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。
2 ecosystem Wq4xz     
n.生态系统
参考例句:
  • This destroyed the ecosystem of the island.这样破坏了岛上的生态系统。
  • We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的利益。
3 ecological IrRxX     
adj.生态的,生态学的
参考例句:
  • The region has been declared an ecological disaster zone.这个地区已经宣布为生态灾难区。
  • Each animal has its ecological niche.每种动物都有自己的生态位.
4 geologist ygIx7     
n.地质学家
参考例句:
  • The geologist found many uncovered fossils in the valley.在那山谷里,地质学家发现了许多裸露的化石。
  • He was a geologist,rated by his cronies as the best in the business.他是一位地质学家,被他的老朋友们看做是这门行当中最好的一位。
5 burrow EsazA     
vt.挖掘(洞穴);钻进;vi.挖洞;翻寻;n.地洞
参考例句:
  • Earthworms burrow deep into the subsoil.蚯蚓深深地钻进底土。
  • The dog had chased a rabbit into its burrow.狗把兔子追进了洞穴。
6 burrowing 703e0bb726fc82be49c5feac787c7ae5     
v.挖掘(洞穴),挖洞( burrow的现在分词 );翻寻
参考例句:
  • What are you burrowing around in my drawer for? 你在我抽屉里乱翻什么? 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The forepaws are also used for burrowing and for dragging heavier logs. 它们的前爪还可以用来打洞和拖拽较重的树干。 来自辞典例句
7 devastating muOzlG     
adj.毁灭性的,令人震惊的,强有力的
参考例句:
  • It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
  • Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。
8 volcanic BLgzQ     
adj.火山的;象火山的;由火山引起的
参考例句:
  • There have been several volcanic eruptions this year.今年火山爆发了好几次。
  • Volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools.火山活动产生了温泉和沸腾的泥浆池。
9 eruption UomxV     
n.火山爆发;(战争等)爆发;(疾病等)发作
参考例句:
  • The temple was destroyed in the violent eruption of 1470 BC.庙宇在公元前1470年猛烈的火山爆发中摧毁了。
  • The eruption of a volcano is spontaneous.火山的爆发是自发的。
10 catastrophes 9d10f3014dc151d21be6612c0d467fd0     
n.灾祸( catastrophe的名词复数 );灾难;不幸事件;困难
参考例句:
  • Two of history's worst natural catastrophes occurred in 1970. 1970年发生了历史上最严重两次自然灾害。 来自辞典例句
  • The Swiss deposits contain evidence of such catastrophes. 瑞士的遗址里还有这种灾难的证据。 来自辞典例句
11 predators 48b965855934a5395e409c1112d94f63     
n.食肉动物( predator的名词复数 );奴役他人者(尤指在财务或性关系方面)
参考例句:
  • birds and their earthbound predators 鸟和地面上捕食它们的动物
  • The eyes of predators are highly sensitive to the slightest movement. 捕食性动物的眼睛能感觉到最细小的动静。 来自《简明英汉词典》
12 burrows 6f0e89270b16e255aa86501b6ccbc5f3     
n.地洞( burrow的名词复数 )v.挖掘(洞穴),挖洞( burrow的第三人称单数 );翻寻
参考例句:
  • The intertidal beach unit contains some organism burrows. 潮间海滩单元含有一些生物潜穴。 来自辞典例句
  • A mole burrows its way through the ground. 鼹鼠会在地下钻洞前进。 来自辞典例句
13 subterranean ssWwo     
adj.地下的,地表下的
参考例句:
  • London has 9 miles of such subterranean passages.伦敦像这样的地下通道有9英里长。
  • We wandered through subterranean passages.我们漫游地下通道。
14 devastated eb3801a3063ef8b9664b1b4d1f6aaada     
v.彻底破坏( devastate的过去式和过去分词);摧毁;毁灭;在感情上(精神上、财务上等)压垮adj.毁坏的;极为震惊的
参考例句:
  • The bomb devastated much of the old part of the city. 这颗炸弹炸毁了旧城的一大片地方。
  • His family is absolutely devastated. 他的一家感到极为震惊。
15 mounds dd943890a7780b264a2a6c1fa8d084a3     
土堆,土丘( mound的名词复数 ); 一大堆
参考例句:
  • We had mounds of tasteless rice. 我们有成堆成堆的淡而无味的米饭。
  • Ah! and there's the cemetery' - cemetery, he must have meant. 'You see the mounds? 啊,这就是同墓,”——我想他要说的一定是公墓,“看到那些土墩了吗?
16 renewal UtZyW     
adj.(契约)延期,续订,更新,复活,重来
参考例句:
  • Her contract is coming up for renewal in the autumn.她的合同秋天就应该续签了。
  • Easter eggs symbolize the renewal of life.复活蛋象征新生。
17 amphibians c4a317a734a700eb6f767bdc511c1588     
两栖动物( amphibian的名词复数 ); 水陆两用车; 水旱两生植物; 水陆两用飞行器
参考例句:
  • The skin of amphibians is permeable to water. 两栖动物的皮肤是透水的。
  • Two amphibians ferry them out over the sands. 两辆水陆两用车把他们渡过沙滩。
18 reptiles 45053265723f59bd84cf4af2b15def8e     
n.爬行动物,爬虫( reptile的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Snakes and crocodiles are both reptiles. 蛇和鳄鱼都是爬行动物。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Birds, reptiles and insects come from eggs. 鸟类、爬虫及昆虫是卵生的。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
19 sprouting c8222ee91acc6d4059c7ab09c0d8d74e     
v.发芽( sprout的现在分词 );抽芽;出现;(使)涌现出
参考例句:
  • new leaves sprouting from the trees 树上长出的新叶
  • They were putting fresh earth around sprouting potato stalks. 他们在往绽出新芽的土豆秧周围培新土。 来自名作英译部分
20 elk 2ZVzA     
n.麋鹿
参考例句:
  • I was close enough to the elk to hear its labored breathing.我离那头麋鹿非常近,能听见它吃力的呼吸声。
  • The refuge contains the largest wintering population of elk in the world.这座庇护所有着世界上数量最大的冬季麋鹿群。
21 ecosystems 94cb0e40a815bea1157ac8aab9a5380d     
n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样,从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句

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