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科学美国人60秒 SSS 高糖饮食加速老化

时间:2017-07-06 07:47:44

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(单词翻译)

High-Sugar Diet Makes Flies Drop Like...Flies 高糖饮食加速老化

I don’t believe, in all my years, I have ever seen a fruit fly I would consider obese1. But, thanks to the wonders of modern science, that’s all about to change. Because a team of researchers from Cold Spring Harbor laboratory has produced the first flies that are genetically3 engineered to overeat.

这么多年来,我从不觉得自己见到一只果蝇会觉得它胖。但是,有了现代科学的奇迹,这一切即将改变。来自冷泉港实验室的一组研究人员创造了第一批会暴饮暴食的转基因果蝇。

\If you are wondering…why…it’s not as silly as it might sound. A big part of weight control has to do with making healthy dietary choices and knowing when to step away from the snack cabinet. But what controls those behaviors?

如果你也好奇他们为什么要这么做……事实可能没它听起来那么傻。体重控制的一个重要部分,就是要做出健康的饮食选择,并且知道于何时远离零食柜。但是这些行为由什么控制呢?

Well, we humans have a hormone4 called leptin that tells us that we’re full. After eating, leptin is released from our fat cells. And it travels to our brains to signal that we’ve had enough. Indeed, people who don’t produce leptin…or who lack the molecular5 machinery6 to detect it…really pack on the pounds.

人类有一种会通知自身我们已经吃饱了的荷尔蒙——瘦素。吃完东西后,脂肪细胞会释放出瘦素。它会传播到我们的大脑,发出信号表明我们已经吃饱了。事实上,那些不产生瘦素或缺少检测瘦素的分子机构的人…体重会着实增加。

In the new study, researchers discovered a hormone that acts the same way in flies. And when they deleted the gene2 that encodes it, the hormonally deficient7 insects just kept eating. And when presented with the fly equivalent of a high-fat or high-sugar diet, they gained three times more weight than did their hormonally competent peers. The findings appear in the journal Cell Metabolism8.

在这项新的研究中,研究人员发现一种在果蝇中起着同样作用的荷尔蒙。当他们删除了编码它的基因时,荷尔蒙缺失的果蝇就会一直进食。当给荷尔蒙缺失的果蝇和正常果蝇提供同等的高脂肪或高糖食物时,荷尔蒙缺失的果蝇的体重比正常果蝇的体重多长了三倍。这项研究结果发表在《细胞代谢》杂志上。

Interestingly, giving human leptin to these tubby bugs9 eliminates their tendency to binge. That suggests that by studying these flies, scientists might learn something that’s relevant to us.

有趣的是,将人类的瘦素用到这些果蝇身上,也可以消除它们大吃大喝的倾向。这表明,通过研究这些果蝇,科学家可能会发现一些与人类自身相关的东西。

In the meantime, researchers from the U.K. and Australia have also been plying10 flies with sweet treats. And they found that consuming large amounts of sugar may lead to fewer birthday cakes.

与此同时,来自英国和澳大利亚的研究人员也在对果蝇进行甜食研究。他们发现摄入大量的糖会缩短其寿命。

In this study, researchers compared the life spans of flies that ate a healthy diet, with 5 percent sugar…to those that went on a three-week bender of 40 percent sucrose. That’s the equivalent, the researchers note, of a person who really took Marie Antoinette’s advice to heart and ate only cake for two decades.

在这项研究中,研究者将只吃5%糖的保持健康饮食的果蝇与连续三周狂吃40%蔗糖的果蝇做了对比。研究人员指出,这相当于一个人真的听从了玛丽·安托瓦内特(法国一位奢靡王后)的建议,20年只吃蛋糕。

The results? The sugar-fed flies lost about 7 percent of their already brief 90-day life span. And that was even if they reverted11 to the healthy diet after their three weeks on sweets. These results appear in the journal Cell Reports.

结果呢?高糖饮食的果蝇失去了7%的它们本就短暂的90天寿命。这还是基于它们进行了三周高糖饮食后,恢复了健康饮食习惯所得的结果。这些结果发表在《细胞报告》杂志上。

The sugar overload12 apparently13 triggered long-term changes in gene activity…which accelerated aging and had the sugar-buzzed flies dropping like, well, like flies.

过量饮食糖显然引发了基因活动的长期变化……这加速了老化,还使沉溺于糖的果蝇像……苍蝇一样快速坠亡。

The findings suggest that you can have your cake and eat it, too. But not for long.

研究结果表明,你可以享受吃蛋糕的乐趣。但不能长期食用。


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1 obese uvIya     
adj.过度肥胖的,肥大的
参考例句:
  • The old man is really obese,it can't be healthy.那位老人确实过于肥胖了,不能算是健康。
  • Being obese and lazy is dangerous to health.又胖又懒危害健康。
2 gene WgKxx     
n.遗传因子,基因
参考例句:
  • A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
  • The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。
3 genetically Lgixo     
adv.遗传上
参考例句:
  • All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
  • Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物
4 hormone uyky3     
n.荷尔蒙,激素,内分泌
参考例句:
  • Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
  • This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
5 molecular mE9xh     
adj.分子的;克分子的
参考例句:
  • The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms.这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。
  • For the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease.当压强趋近于零时,分子的碰撞就停止了。
6 machinery CAdxb     
n.(总称)机械,机器;机构
参考例句:
  • Has the machinery been put up ready for the broadcast?广播器材安装完毕了吗?
  • Machinery ought to be well maintained all the time.机器应该随时注意维护。
7 deficient Cmszv     
adj.不足的,不充份的,有缺陷的
参考例句:
  • The crops are suffering from deficient rain.庄稼因雨量不足而遭受损害。
  • I always have been deficient in selfconfidence and decision.我向来缺乏自信和果断。
8 metabolism 171zC     
n.新陈代谢
参考例句:
  • After years of dieting,Carol's metabolism was completely out of whack.经过数年的节食,卡罗尔的新陈代谢完全紊乱了。
  • All living matter undergoes a process of metabolism.生物都有新陈代谢。
9 bugs e3255bae220613022d67e26d2e4fa689     
adj.疯狂的,发疯的n.窃听器( bug的名词复数 );病菌;虫子;[计算机](制作软件程序所产生的意料不到的)错误
参考例句:
  • All programs have bugs and need endless refinement. 所有的程序都有漏洞,都需要不断改进。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The sacks of rice were swarming with bugs. 一袋袋的米里长满了虫子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
10 plying b2836f18a4e99062f56b2ed29640d9cf     
v.使用(工具)( ply的现在分词 );经常供应(食物、饮料);固定往来;经营生意
参考例句:
  • All manner of hawkers and street sellers were plying their trade. 形形色色的沿街小贩都在做着自己的买卖。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • It was rather Mrs. Wang who led the conversation, plying Miss Liu with questions. 倒是汪太太谈锋甚健,向刘小姐问长问短。 来自汉英文学 - 围城
11 reverted 5ac73b57fcce627aea1bfd3f5d01d36c     
恢复( revert的过去式和过去分词 ); 重提; 回到…上; 归还
参考例句:
  • After the settlers left, the area reverted to desert. 早期移民离开之后,这个地区又变成了一片沙漠。
  • After his death the house reverted to its original owner. 他死后房子归还给了原先的主人。
12 overload RmHz40     
vt.使超载;n.超载
参考例句:
  • Don't overload the boat or it will sink.别超载,否则船会沉。
  • Large meals overload the digestive system.吃得太饱会加重消化系统的负担。
13 apparently tMmyQ     
adv.显然地;表面上,似乎
参考例句:
  • An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽,豁然开朗。
  • He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

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